Impact of goal-directed hemodynamic management on the incidence of acute kidney injury in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Efficacy outcomes

	Intervention group (n = 72)	Control group (n = 72)	Relative risk or median difference (95% CI)^a	P value
Primary endpoint
Acute kidney injury (ITT analysis)	9 (12.5%)	15 (20.8%)	RR = 0.60 (0.28–1.28)	0.180
Acute kidney injury (PP analysis)	9 (12.7%) (n = 71)	15 (21.1%) (n = 71)	RR = 0.60 (0.28–1.28)	0.179
Secondary endpoints
Acute kidney injury classification				0.283
None	63 (87.5%)	57 (79.2%)
Stage 1	9 (12.5%)	12 (16.7%)
Stage 2	0 (0.0%)	2 (2.8%)
Stage 3	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.3%)
Complications within 30 days	4 (5.6%)	5 (6.9%)	RR = 0.80 (0.22–2.86)	> 0.999
Postoperative bleeding^b	2 (2.8%)	1 (1.4%)
Acute coronary syndrome^c	1 (1.4%)	0 (0.0%)
Surgical infection^d	1 (1.4%)	4 (5.6%)
Length of hospital stay after surgery (day)	4 (4, 5)	4 (4, 5)	MD = 0.0 (0.0–0.0)	0.541
30-day mortality	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	–	> 0.999
6-month mortality	0 (0.0%)	1 (1.4%)	–	> 0.999

Data are number (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range)
ITT intention-to treat, PP per-protocol
^aCalculated as the intervention group vs. or minus the control group
^bContinued decrease of hemoglobin level and required blood transfusion and/or transarterial embolization
^cNon-ST elevation myocardial infarction, diagnosed according to serum cardiac troponin I elevation and echocardiographic examination
^dFever > 38 °C, increased white blood cell count (> 12 × 10⁹/L) and elevated inflammatory biomarkers necessitating upgrading antibiotic treatment

ISSN: 1471-2253