| |
Intervention group (n = 72)
|
Control group (n = 72)
|
ASD
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
54.1 ± 12.1
|
54.5 ± 12.3
|
0.028
|
|
Male gender
|
48 (66.7%)
|
43 (59.7%)
|
0.144
|
|
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)
|
25.2 ± 3.3
|
25.0 ± 3.4
|
0.040
|
|
Comorbidity
|
|
Hypertension
|
26 (36.1%)
|
34 (47.2%)
|
0.227
|
|
Diabetes
|
13 (18.1%)
|
12 (16.7%)
|
0.037
|
|
Respiratory diseasesa
|
2 (2.8%)
|
7 (9.7%)
|
0.290
|
|
Othersb
|
6 (8.3%)
|
5 (6.9%)
|
0.052
|
|
Hemoglobin (g/L)
|
144.1 ± 15.2
|
142.8 ± 14.8
|
0.086
|
|
Albumin (g/L)
|
44.9 ± 3.5
|
44.3 ± 4.2
|
0.153
|
|
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)c
|
83 ± 18
|
84 ± 14
|
0.134
|
|
Baseline SBP (mmHg)d
|
132 ± 17
|
139 ± 19
|
0.397
|
|
Baseline MAP (mmHg)d
|
96 ± 13
|
99 ± 12
|
0.228
|
|
Baseline HR (bpm)d
|
73 ± 9
|
72 ± 10
|
0.084
|
|
ASA classification
| | |
0.057
|
|
1
|
32 (44.4%)
|
30 (41.7%)
| |
|
2
|
36 (50.0%)
|
38 (52.8%)
| |
|
3
|
4 (5.6%)
|
4 (5.6%)
| |
|
Maximal mass diameter (cm)
|
2.8 (2.2, 4.0)
|
3 (2.1, 4.2)
|
0.109
|
|
PADUA scoree
|
7.5 ± 1.1
|
7.5 ± 1.0
|
0.013
|
|
Histology of cancerf
| | |
0.092
|
|
Clear cell carcinoma
|
49 (68.1%)
|
50 (69.4%)
| |
|
Angiomyolipoma
|
15 (20.8%)
|
9 (12.5%)
| |
|
Othersg
|
8 (11.1%)
|
13 (18.1%)
| |
- Data are mean ± SD, number (%), or median (interquartile range)
- ASD absolute standardized difference (an ASD of ≥0.327 is considered imbalanced between the two groups), eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, HR heart rate, PADUA Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical scores
- aIncluded asthma (2 patients), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1 patient), obstructive sleep apnea (3 patients), history with lobectomy (2 patients), metastatic lung cancer (1 patient)
- bIncluded coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (3 patients), gout (3 patients), lower limb artery thrombosis (1 patient), vasovagal syncope (1 patient), and liver disease (3 patients)
- cCalculated according to the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation [22]
- dMeasured in the operating room before anesthesia induction
- ePADUA scores, a simple anatomical system used to predict the risk of perioperative surgical and medical complications in patients undergoing nephron-sparing surgery. The score ranges from 6 to 14, a score ≥ 8 indicates higher risk of complications [20]
- fAccording to pathological examination after surgery
- gIncluded chromophobe cell carcinoma (2 patients), papillary carcinoma (4 patients), malignant epithelial tumor (2 patients), cystic lesions (4 patients), oncocytic carcinoma (3 patients), unclassified renal cell carcinoma (5 patients), and inflammatory lesion (1 patient)
