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Table 1 Overview of study characteristics

From: Does a combined intravenous-volatile anesthesia offer advantages compared to an intravenous or volatile anesthesia alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis

First author, Year, Origin

Surgery

ASA

Premedication/ antiemetics/ regional anesthesia

CIVA

TIVA

BAL

EEG Target

Chen 2016

Taiwan

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

I – II

Induction: 2 μg/kg fentanyl, 1 mg/kg lidocaine, 2 mg/kg propofol, 0,8 mg/kg rocuronium

Maintainance: 3% et desflurane, propofol TCI (Ce 4 μg/ml), 1 μg/kg/h fentanyl

Induction: 2 μg/kg fentanyl, 1 mg/kg lidocaine, 2 mg/kg propofol, 0,8 mg/kg rocuronium

Maintainance: Propofol TCI (Ce 4 μg/ml), 1 μg/kg/h fentanyl

Chi 2012

China

Laparoscopic gynecologic

I – II

0,01 mg/kg atropine

2 mg/kg luminal

Induction: 4 μg/kg fentanyl, 0,05 mg/kg midazolam, 1,5 mg/kg Propofol, 0,1 mg/kg vecuronium

Maintainance: 0,6–1 MAC isoflurane, 2–3 mg/kg/h propofol, 0,1–0,15 μg/kg/min remifentanil

Induction: 1 μg/kg remifentanil, 0,05 mg/kg midazolam, 1,5 mg/kg propofol, 0,1 mg/kg vecuronium

Maintainance: 5–10 mg/kg/h propofol, 0,2–0,3 μg/kg/min remifentanil

Induction: 4 μg/kg fentanyl, 0,05 mg/kg midazolam, 1,5 mg/kg Propofol, 0,1 mg/kg vecuronium

Maintainance: 1–2,5 MAC isoflurane, 1 μg/kg fentanyl per hour

BIS 40–60

Hensel 2019

Germany

Elective surgery

I – III

0,05–0,15 mg/kg midazolam

Apfel-Score 2–3: 4 mg dexamethason

Apfel-Score 4: 4 mg dexamethason plus 4 mg ondansetrone

Induction: 2–3 mg/kg Propofol, 0,3–0,5 mg rocuronium

Maintainance: 1–3% et sevoflurane, propofol TCI Snider Ce 1 μg/ml, 0,15–0,3 μg/kg/min remifentanil

Induction: 2–3 mg/kg Propofol, 0,3–0,5 mg rocuronium

Maintainance: Propofol TCI Snider Ce 2–4 μg/ml, 0,15–0,3 μg/kg/min remifentanil

Narcotrend 30–60

Kawano 2016

Japan

Laparoscopic gynecologic

I – II

Induction: remifentanil, propofol, rocuronium

Maintainance: 0,5 MAC sevoflurane, 2 mg/kg/h propofol, remifentanil

Induction: remifentanil, propofol, rocuronium

Maintainance: 4–8 mg/kg/h propofol, remifentanil

Induction: remifentanil, thiamylal, rocuronium

Maintainance: 1 MAC sevoflurane, remifentanil

BIS 40–60

Lai 2017

Taiwan

Ocular surgery

I - III

5 mg dexamehasone

Induction: propofol TCI Schneider Ce 4 μg/ml, 2 μg/kg fentanyl, 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine

Maintainance: 1% inspiratory sevoflurane, propofol TCI Schneider

Induction: propofol TCI Schneider Ce 4 μg/ml, 2 μg/kg fentanyl, 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine

Maintainance: propofol TCI Schneider

 

BIS 40–60

Lai 2018

Taiwan

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

I - III

Thoracic epidural catheter

Induction: propofol TCI Schneider Ce 4 μg/ml, 0,1 mg fentanyl

Maintainance: 1% inspiratory sevoflurane, propofol TCI Schnider Ce 4 μg/ml

Induction: propofol TCI Schneider Ce 4 μg/ml, 0,1 mg fentanyl

Maintainance:: propofol TCI Schnider Ce 4 μg/ml

BIS 40–60

Liang 2014

China

Gastro-intestinal surgery

I – II

Epidural catheter

Induction: propofol TCI Schnider Cp 4 μg/ml, remifentanil 0,15 μg/kg/min, fentanyl 1 μg/kg, rocuronium 0,6–0,8 mg/kg

Maintainance: 0,3 MAC sevoflurane, propofol TCI Schnider Cp 1,2 μg/ml, intermittent 50 μg fentanyl and 10 mg rocuronium

Induction: propofol TCI Schnider Cp 4 μg/ml, remifentanil 0,15 μg/kg/min, fentanyl 1 μg/kg, rocuronium 0,6–0,8 mg/kg

Maintainance: sevoflurane, 50 μg intermittent fentanyl and 10 mg rocuronium

BIS 40–60

Van den Berg 1995

Saudi Arabia

Tympanoplasty, septorhinoplasty, adenotonsillectomy

I – II

0,3 mg/kg diazepam (maximum 20 mg), 0,15 mg/kg metoclopramide (maximum 10 mg)

Induction: 2 mg/kg propofol, 0,5 mg/kg lignocaine 2%, 0,6 mg/kg atracurium, 0,2 mg/kg nalbuphine

Maintainance: 0,6–0,8% insp. Isoflurane, 10 mg/kg/h propofol, after 15 min reduction to 5 mg/kg/h propofol

Induction: 2 mg/kg propofol, 0,5 mg/kg lignocaine 2%, 0,6 mg/kg atracurium, 0,2 mg/kg nalbuphine

Maintainance: 10 mg/kg/h propofol, after 15 min reduction to 5 mg/kg/h propofol

Induction: 4,0 mg/kg thiopentone, 0,5 mg/kg lignocaine 2%, 0,6 mg/kg atracurium, 0,2 mg/kg nalbuphine

Maintainance:: 0,6–0,8% insp. Isoflurane

-

Won 2011

Republic of Korea

Thyreodectomy

I – II

Induction: 1% sevoflurane, propofol TCI Cp 1,5–2,5 μg/ml, remifentanil TCI Cp 2,5–3,5 ng/ml, 0,6 mg/kg rocuronium

Maintainance: 1% sevoflurane, propofol TCI Cp 1,5–2,5 μg/ml, remifentanil TCI Cp 2,5–3,5 ng/ml

Induction: propofol TCI Cp 2,5–3,5 μg/ml, remifentanil TCI Cp 3,5–4,5 ng/ml, 0,6 mg/kg rocuronium

Maintainance: propofol TCI Cp 2,5–3,5 μg/ml, remifentanil TCI Cp 3,5–4,5 ng/ml

Induction: 4–5 mg/kg thiopental, 0,6 mg/kg rocuronium

Maintainance: 2–2,5% sevoflurane

BIS

Zhang 2013

China

Laparoscopic gynecologic

I – II

0,1 g phenobarbital i.m.

0,5 mg atropin i.m.

Seperate groups (CIVA/TIVA/BAL) each with ondansetron 8 mg or placebo

Induction: 2 mg/kg prpofol, 5 μg/kg fentanyl, 0,1 mg/kg vecuronium

Maintainance: sevoflurane, propofol

Induction: 2 mg/kg prpofol, 5 μg/kg fentanyl, 0,1 mg/kg vecuronium

Maintainance: 10 mg/kg/h propofol

Induction: 2 mg/kg prpofol, 5 μg/kg fentanyl, 0,1 mg/kg vecuronium

Maintainance: 2–3% sevoflurane

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  1. et end tidal, i.m. intra muscular, BIS Bispectral index, TCI target controlled infusion, Ce effect site concentration, Cp plasma concentration, MAC minimal alveolar concentration