The impact of topical lidocaine and timing of LMA removal on the incidence of airway events during the recovery period in children: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Adverse airway events in the recovery period and within 24 h after operation

Group	LA group (n=96)	LD group (n=97)	NLA group (n=95)	NLD group (n=94)	P value
Any adverse airway event	9 (9.4%)	23 (23.7%)^a	31 (32.6%)^a	27 (28.7%)^a	0.001
Complications in recovery period	5 (5.2%)	23 (23.7%)^a	25 (26.3%)^a	25 (26.6%)^a	< 0.001
Cough	5 (5.2%)	4 (4.1%)	19 (20.0%)^ab	9 (9.6%)	0.001
Laryngeal spasm	0 (0%)	1 (1.0%)	9 (9.5%)^ab	2 (2.1%)^c	0.001
SPO₂< 96%	0 (0%)	8 (8.2%)^a	13 (13.7%)^a	9 (9.6%)^a	0.005
Glossocoma	0 (0%)	19 (19.6%)^a	0 (0%)^b	19 (20.2%)^ac	< 0.001
Complications within 24 h after operation
Pharyngalgia	3 (3.1%)	1 (1.0%)	15 (15.8%)^ab	3 (3.2%)^c	< 0.001
Hoarseness	3 (3.1%)	2 (2.1%)	7 (7.4%)	2 (2.1%)	0.164
Agitation in recovery period	6 (6.3%)	4 (4.1%)	7 (7.4%)	5 (5.3%)	0.799
Duration of PACU stay (min)	15.1±2.7	15.1±2.4	15.2±2.5	15.1±1.8	0.980

PACU postanesthesia care unit. Any adverse airway event includes any complications in recovery period and within 24 h after operation
^aP< 0.05 vs. LA group
^bP< 0.05 vs. LD group
^cP< 0.05 vs. NLA group; all adjusted using the LSD