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Table 3 VAS scores at rest during the first 24 h after operation

From: Effects of intravenous lidocaine, dexmedetomidine, and their combination on IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy: a prospective, randomized controlled trial

VAS scores

Group C

(n = 40)

Group L

(n = 40)

Group D

(n = 40)

Group LD

(n = 40)

P value

2 h after surgery

3.3 ± 0.7

2.9 ± 0.6*

2.5 ± 0.6*

1.8 ± 0.6*#

< 0.001

6 h after surgery

3.4 ± 0.8

3.0 ± 0.8*

2.6 ± 0.7*

1.7 ± 0.6*#

< 0.001

12 h after surgery

2.7 ± 0.6

2.5 ± 0.8

2.2 ± 0.8*

1.6 ± 0.7*#

< 0.001

24 h after surgery

2.0 ± 0.7

1.7 ± 0.7

1.5 ± 0.6*

1.3 ± 0.6*#

< 0.001

  1. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD)
  2. C control, L lidocaine, D dexmedetomidine, LD lidocaine and dexmedetomidine combination
  3. *P < 0.05 versus group C, #P < 0.05 versus group L, P < 0.05 versus group D