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Table 1 Preoperative variables for propensity score matching

From: Preoperative intravenous rehydration for patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas: is it necessary? A propensity score matching analysis

Variable

Full cohort (n = 231)

Matched cohort (n = 170)

Rehydrated group

(n = 113)

Non-rehydrated group

(n = 118)

SD a

Rehydrated group

(n = 85)

Non-rehydrated group

(n = 85)

SD a

Demographics

 Age, years

46.3 ± 14.1

46.5 ± 13.9

−0.012

45.4 ± 13.6

46.7 ± 14.5

−0.090

 Male sex

48 (42.5%)

51 (43.2%)

−0.015

32 (37.6%)

37 (43.5%)

−0.118

 Body mass index, kg/m2

23.0 ± 3.0

23.4 ± 3.2

−0.106

22.8 ± 3.2

23.1 ± 3.0

−0.081

Charlson Comorbidity Index

2.0 (2.0–3.0)

2.0 (2.0–2.0)

0.159

2.0 (2.0–2.0)

2.0 (2.0–2.0)

−0.038

Features of PPGLs

 With typical symptoms b

70 (61.9%)

58 (49.2%)

0.262

47 (55.3%)

44 (51.8%)

0.072

 With elevated serum catecholamine

80 (70.8%)

73 (61.9%)

0.196

54 (63.5%)

56 (65.9%)

−0.052

 Maximal tumor diameter, cm

5.0 (4.0–6.7)

5.0 (3.9–6.9)

0.011

5.0 (4.0–6.9)

5.0 (4.0–6.8)

0.041

 Origin of tumor

  

0.002

  

0.113

  Adrenal gland

88 (77.9%)

92 (78.0%)

 

62 (72.9%)

66 (77.6%)

 

  Paraganglia

25 (22.1%)

26 (22.0%)

 

23 (27.1%)

19 (22.3%)

 

 Peak SBP before α-blockade, mm Hg

180 (160–210)

178 (140–200)

0.253

180 (148–200)

180 (150–205)

−0.055

Preoperative preparation

 Type of α-blockade

  

−0.074

  

0.000

  Selective

59 (52.2%)

66 (55.9%)

 

49 (57.6%)

49 (57.6%)

 

  Non-selective

54 (47.8%)

52 (44.1%)

 

36 (42.4%)

36 (42.4%)

 

 Duration of α-blockade, days

19.0 (13.5–30.0)

17.0 (11.0–30.0)

0.021

19.0 (13.0–30.0)

20.0 (11.0–34.0)

−0.141

 β-blockade

27 (23.9%)

24 (20.3%)

0.083

17 (20.0%)

18 (21.2%)

−0.027

 Other antihypertensive therapy c

38 (33.6%)

41 (34.7%)

−0.024

31 (36.5%)

30 (35.3%)

0.025

Year of surgery

  

0.419

  

0.026

 2004–2008

16 (14.2%)

34 (28.8%)

 

16 (18.8%)

16 (18.8%)

 

 2009–2013

37 (32.7%)

34 (28.8%)

 

28 (32.9%)

27 (31.8%)

 

 2014–2018

60 (53.1%)

50 (42.4%)

 

41 (48.2%)

42 (49.4%)

 

Intraoperative data

 Surgical approach

  

−0.021

  

0.049

  Open

41 (36.3%)

44 (37.3%)

 

34 (40.0%)

32 (37.6%)

 

  Laparoscopic d

72 (63.7%)

74 (62.7%)

 

51 (60.0%)

53 (62.4%)

 

 Type of anesthesia

  

0.070

  

−0.072

  General

69 (61.1%)

68 (57.6%)

 

49 (57.6%)

52 (61.2%)

 

  Epidural + general

44 (38.9%)

50 (42.4%)

 

36 (42.4%)

33 (38.8%)

 

 Duration of surgery, min

119 (70–164)

131 (94–186)

−0.116

127 (79–-178)

122 (78–183)

−0.006

 Dose of phentolamine, mg

4.0 (0.0–14.5)

2.0 (0.0–12.0)

0.020

3.0 (0.0–13.0)

2.0 (0.0–11.0)

0.130

 Dose of esmolol, mg

80.0 (0.0–200.0)

50 (0.0–130.0)

0.117

50.0 (0.0–180.0)

60 (0.0–143.0)

−0.085

 Estimated blood loss, ml

100 (50–500)

100 (50–500)

−0.034

100 (50–500)

100 (50–450)

−0.039

  1. Data are the mean ± standard deviation, number of patients (percentage), or median (interquartile range)
  2. SD in bold indicates a significant difference between the two groups
  3. PPGLs pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, SD standardized difference, SBP systolic blood pressure
  4. a An absolute SD of ≥0.233 was considered ‘unbalanced’ [19]
  5. b Continuous or episodic hypertension with at least one of ‘triad’ symptoms (headaches, palpitations, sweating) at the first clinic visit
  6. c Including calcium-channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and/or angiotensin II-receptor blockers
  7. d Included retroperitoneal and transperitoneal laparoscopic approaches