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Table 4 Comparisons of patient outcomes during the first 24 h postoperatively between the three groups

From: Comparison of analgesic efficacy between rectus sheath blockade, intrathecal morphine with bupivacaine, and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: a prospective, observational clinical study

Group

IV-PCA

RSB

ITMB

 

n

30

30

30

p

Requirement of opioid infusion

 Cumulative IV-PCA infusion (mL)

37.6 (25.9–57.3)

42.8 (29.9–60.8)

18.7 (14.7–26.2)*, †

< 0.001

 IV rescue opioid infusion

19 (63.3%)

21 (70.0%)

6 (20.0%)*, †, ‡

< 0.001

Peak visual analog scale

 at rest

6 (4–7)

5 (4–6)

3 (2–4)*, †

< 0.001

 at cough

8 (6–9)

6 (5–7)*

4 (3–5)*, †

< 0.001

Quality of early recovery

 Global score of QoR-15 questionnaire on POD 1

124 (122–129)

124 (117–133)

130 (126–141)*,†

0.002

Complications

 Nausea

2 (6.7%)

2 (6.7%)

9 (30.0%)‡

0.012

 Vomiting

0 (0.0%)

1 (3.3%)

2 (6.7%)

0.355

 Pruritus

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

5 (16.7%)‡

0.005

Laboratory variables on POD 1

 White blood cell count (× 109/L)

13.5 (8.7–16.5)

15.4 (8.2–20.7)

14.3 (11.2–19.3)

0.478

  Neutrophil (%)

172.0 (141.0–203.3)

175.5 (154.0–211.8)

168.0 (151.3–201.0)

0.873

  Lymphocyte (%)

73.5 (69.1–76.5)

73.1 (68.0–78.7)

71.4 (65.1–78.9)

0.807

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

8.8 (7.4–11.0)

7.8 (7.1–9.1)

8.7 (6.6–10.3)

0.476

 Platelet count (× 109/L)

12.6 (11.7–13.4)

12.2 (11.0–13.5)

12.3 (11.7–12.9)

0.419

 International normalized ratio

1.0 (0.8–1.0)

0.9 (0.9–1.0)

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

0.072

  1. Abbreviations: QoR-15 Quality of Recovery-15 questionnaire, POD Postoperative day
  2. *p < 0.017 as statistical significance based on the level in the IV-PCA group
  3. †p < 0.017 as statistical significance based on the level in the RSB group
  4. ‡p < 0.05 using the linear-by-linear method
  5. NOTE: Values are expressed as the median (interquartile) and number (proportion)