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Table 2 Patients vital signs of group Dexmedetomidine (n = 84) and group Control (n = 83) at different time points

From: Intravesical dexmedetomidine instillation reduces postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in male patients under general anesthesia: a randomized controlled study

 

Group

T0

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6

T7

HR

Control

76.6 ± 15.4

75.9 ± 15.0

77.4 ± 14.7

79.0 ± 14.0##

80.1 ± 14.3##

80.9 ± 14.2##

80.2 ± 12.4##

79.7 ± 12.5#

Dexmedetomidine

75.6 ± 15.2

75.4 ± 15.1

75.8 ± 14.5

77.8 ± 13.9#

79.1 ± 14.3##

79.1 ± 14.1#

78.7 ± 11.0#

79.7 ± 12.5

RR

Control

18.8 ± 1.1

18.8 ± 1.1

18.9 ± 1.3

19.2 ± 1.0##

19.1 ± 1.0

19.1 ± 0.9#

19.1 ± 0.9#

18.9 ± 0.9

Dexmedetomidine

18.8 ± 1.5

18.7 ± 1.2

18.5 ± 1.2

18.5 ± 1.4

18.7 ± 1.1

19.0 ± 1.0

18.7 ± 0.8

18.8 ± 0.8

MAP

Control

98.9 ± 16.1

97.9 ± 14.4

97.8 ± 14.5

97.3 ± 14.4

95.6 ± 14.4#

94.3 ± 12.7##

91.4 ± 11.5##

89.6 ± 10.5##

Dexmedetomidine

98.4 ± 15.2

97.7 ± 15.5

95.4 ± 14.3##

94.8 ± 14.2##

94.1 ± 12.8##

92.8 ± 12.3##

91.5 ± 10.6##

89.6 ± 8.6##

SPO2

Control

98.7 ± 1.1

98.9 ± 1.2

98.6 ± 1.3

98.7 ± 1.2

98.7 ± 1.1

98.6 ± 1.2

98.3 ± 1.0##

98.3 ± 0.7##

Dexmedetomidine

98.7 ± 1.8

98.9 ± 1.4

98.8 ± 1.4

98.8 ± 1.4

98.8 ± 1.1

98.8 ± 1.1

98.4 ± 0.9

98.3 ± 0.7

Systemic pain NRS score

Control

3.2 ± 1.2

3.1 ± 1.1

2.5 ± 0.7##

2.4 ± 0.7##

2.3 ± 0.7##

2.2 ± 0.7##

2.3 ± 1.0##

1.4 ± 0.9##

Dexmedetomidine

3.0 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 1.0

2.5 ± 0.8##

2.2 ± 0.7##

2.1 ± 0.6##*

2.0 ± 0.6##

2.2 ± 1.4##

1.3 ± 0.8##

  1. *p-value < 0.05 compared to the same time of Group Control (*p-value = 0.021)
  2. #p-value < 0.05 compared to T0; ##p-value < 0.01 compared to T0
  3. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation
  4. MAP Mean arterial pressure, HR Heart rate, RR Respiratory rate, SpO2 Pulse oximetry. Time course, the time point of the patient sent to PACU (T0), intravesical instillation (T1), 30 min after intravesical instillation (T2), 1 h after intravesical instillation (T3), 2 h after intravesical instillation (T4), leaving PACU (T5), 6 h after the operation (T6), 24 h after the operation (T7)