Skip to main content

Table 3 Angulation information obtained by ultrasonography

From: Landmark-guided versus modified ultrasound-assisted Paramedian techniques in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for elderly patients with hip fractures: a randomized controlled trial

 

Number of views

Comparison between actual and maximum cephalad angle

 actual angle ≤ maximum angle

35 (87.5%)

 actual angle > maximum angle

5 (12.5%)

Cephalad angle discrepancy

 accurate 0° ≤ Δa ≤ 5° n (%)

28 (70%)

 acceptable 5° < Δ ≤ 10° n (%)

7 (17.5%)

 inaccurate Δ > 10° n (%)

5 (12.5%)

Medial angle discrepancy

 accurate 0° ≤ Δ ≤ 5° n (%)

32 (80%)

 acceptable 5° < Δ ≤ 10° n (%)

6 (15%)

 inaccurate Δ > 10° n (%)

2 (25%)

  1. aΔ indicates the discrepancy between the suggested and actual angles