|
Number of patients (n)
|
4509
|
972
|
|
Male (%)
|
63.6
|
60.4
|
|
Age
|
|
Age (years)
|
68.0 ± 20.9
|
76.8 ± 15.4
|
|
Aged 18–59 years (%)
|
25.7
|
11.7
|
|
Aged 60–69 years (%)
|
12.6
|
9.2
|
|
Aged 70–79 years (%)
|
23.7
|
24.8
|
|
Aged 80+ years (%)
|
38.0
|
54.4
|
|
Pre-injury ASA 3 or 4 (%)
|
45.1
|
60.1
|
|
Injury pattern
|
|
Blunt trauma (%)
|
96.1
|
97.3
|
|
ISS (points)
|
30.0 ± 15.0
|
23.1 ± 12.6
|
|
Traffic accident (%)
|
31.4
|
22.3
|
|
Low fall (< 3 m) (%)
|
46.7
|
62.3
|
|
Isolated head injury AIS ≥3 (%)
|
32.9
|
34.1
|
|
No head injury (AIS ≤ 2) (%)
|
16.9
|
24.8
|
|
Combined head and other trauma (%)
|
50.1
|
41.2
|
|
AIS head > = 3 (%)
|
77.6
|
65.8
|
|
AIS chest > = 3 (%)
|
39.5
|
30.3
|
|
AIS abdomen> = 3 (%)
|
10.7
|
6.8
|
|
AIS extremities > = 3 (%)
|
19.3
|
19.3
|
|
RISC II prognosis for mortality (%)
|
52.1
|
32.4
|
|
In-hospital course
|
|
Systolic blood pressure on admission < 90 mmHg (%)
|
21.6
|
8.6
|
|
Glasgow Coma Scale 3–8 on admission (%)
|
64.5
|
31.2
|
|
Received at least 1 PRBC transfusion (%)
|
19.1
|
8.5
|
|
Days in hospital
|
2 [1–7]
|
12 [6–20]
|
|
Days in ICU
|
2 [1–7]
|
5 [2–13]
|
|
Days ventilated
|
2 [1–5]
|
1 [0–7]
|
|
Non-operative treatment (%)
|
50.5
|
48.8
|
|
Sepsis (%)
|
13.7
|
19.5
|
|
Organ failure (%)
|
90.3
|
75.9
|
|
Multiple organ failure (%)
|
66.9
|
50.8
|
|
Thrombo-embolic events (%)
|
6.1
|
10.4
|
|
Outcome
|
|
Living will limiting life-sustaining therapy (%)
|
46.1
|
59.9
|
|
Died within 30 days
|
97.2
|
85.0
|
|
Assumed cause of death
|
|
Head injury (%)
|
58.2
|
42.6
|
|
Bleeding (%)
|
5.7
|
1.6
|
|
Organ failure (%)
|
25.3
|
29.9
|
|
Others (%)
|
8.8
|
23.4
|
