Table 3 Studies reporting complications after emergency Cricothyroidotomy (CRICO group)
Author, Yr | Type of study | Type of procedure | Type of technique | Setting; Performers | Follow-up period | Sample size | Complication | Sample size for Late complications | Description of Late complications | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minor | Major | Early | Late | |||||||||
Miklus et al., 1989 [20] | Retrospective | Emergency | Surgical | Pre-hospital; Physicians | NA | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | – |
Cook et al., 1991 [21] | Retrospective | Emergency | Surgical | Pre-hospital; Nurse/Paramedics | 24 h | 68 | 0 | 3 | 3 | NA | NA | – |
Nugent et al., 1991 [22] | Retrospective | Emergency | Surgical | Pre-hospital; Nurses | NA | 55 | 0 | 11 | 9 | 2 | 15 | Subglottic stenosis (2) |
Boyle et al., 1993 [23] | Retrospective | Emergency | Surgical | Pre-hospital; Nurses | NA | 69 | 0 | 6 | 6 | NA | NA | |
Hawkins et al., 1995 [24] | Retrospective | Emergency | Surgical | Pre-hospital; Not given (n = 8) ED; Trauma surgeons (n = 58) | 5 years | 66 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 26 | – |
Jacobson et al., 1996 [25] | Retrospective | Emergency | Surgical | Pre-hospital; Paramedics | 2 to 5 years | 50 | 5 | 6 | 11 | 0 | 19 | – |
Isaacs et al., 1997 [26] | Retrospective | Emergency | Surgical | Intra-hospital; ENT | Average 8 months | 65 | 0 | 13 | 10 | 3 | 27 | Cartilage injury, tracheal granuloma, vocal cord paralysis |
Leibovici et al., 1997 [27] | Retrospective | Emergency | Percutaneous (n = 13), surgical (n = 16) | Pre-hospital; Physicians | NA | 29 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 13 | – |
Gillespie et al., 1999 [34] | Retrospective | Emergency | Surgical | Intra-hospital; ENT, general surgeon | Average 23 months | 20 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 12 | Subglottic stenosis |
Wright et al., 2003 [28] | Retrospective | Emergency | Surgical | ED; Surgeons | Minimum 6 months | 46 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 15 | Pneumonia (4), retropharyngeal abscess |
Bair et al., 2003 [29] | Retrospective | Emergency | Surgical | Pre-hospital; Nurses (n = 22) ED; EM, Trauma surgeon (n = 28) | NA | 50 | 40 | 15 | 55 | NA | NA | – |
McIntosh et al., 2008 [30] | Retrospective | Emergency | Surgical | Pre-hospital; Nurse/Paramedics | NA | 17 | 0 | 5 | 5 | NA | NA | – |
Warner et al., 2009 [31] | Prospective Cohort | Emergency | Surgical | Pre-hospital; Paramedics | NA | 11 | 0 | 3 | 3 | NA | NA | – |
King et al., 2012 [32] | Retrospective | Emergency | Surgical | Pre-hospital; Nurse / Paramedics (n = 6) ED; Surgeons (n = 48) | NA | 54 | 2 | 9 | 11 | NA | NA | – |
Beshey et al., 2014 [35] | RCT | Emergency | Percutaneous | ED, ICU; Physician | Maximum 48 h | 85 | 2 | 12 | 14 | NA | NA | – |
Darby et al., 2016 [33] | Retrospective | Emergency | Surgical | Intra-hospital; ICU physicians | NA | 20 | 11 | 20 | 31 | NA | NA | – |
TOTAL | 725 | 65 | 119 | 173 | 11 | 135 | ||||||