Fig. 4

Effect of either type of QLB on the perioperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR). The MAP and HR were recorded at arrival at the operating room(T0), the beginning of operation(T1), the end of the operation(T2), extubation(T3), and transfer from PACU(T4). The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Con: control; QLB-L: quadratus lumborum –lateral; QLB-TM: quadratus lumborum- transmuscular