Table 2 Effect of Meperidine on incidence of shivering in women undergoing cesarean delivery after spinal anesthesia: A systematic review of randomized control trials presented in a tabular column

1

[23]Yu et al. 2002

[China]

[2/1/2/2]

Control

Vs.

Meperidine (M) 10 mg

Group M (20) vs. Control (20)

•Incidence: 15% vs. 40%

•Severity (Grades 3 and 4): NA

Side Effects:

•Hypotension: 70% vs. 55%

•Pruritus: 0 vs. 0

•Nausea and vomiting: 55% vs. 15%

•Intraoperative discomfort: 0% vs. 10%

•Respiratory depression: 0 vs. 0

2

[28]Khan et al. 2011

[Iran]

[2/0/2/2]

Control

Vs.

Meperidine (M1) 12.5 mg

Meperidine (M2) 25 mg

Group M1 (24) vs. M2 (24) vs. Control (24)

•Incidence: 20.83% vs. 4.16% vs. 58.33%

•Severity (Grades 3 and 4): 0 vs. 0 vs. 16.66%

Side Effects:

•Hypotension: 50% vs. 45.8% vs. 41.7%

•Pruritus: 0 vs. 0 vs. 0

•Nausea and vomiting: 25% vs. 75% vs. 4.2%

•Intraoperative discomfort: NA

•Respiratory depression: 0 vs. 0 vs. 0

3

[31]Atalay et al. 2010

[Turkey]

[2/0/2/2]

Control

Vs.

Meperidine (M1) 25 mg

Meperidine (M2) 30 mg

Meperidine (M3) 35 mg

Group M1 (20) vs. M2 (20) vs. M3 (20) Control (20)

•Incidence: 0% vs. 0% vs. 0% vs. 50%

•Severity (Grades 3 and 4): NA

Side Effects:

•Hypotension: 20% vs. 30% vs. 55% vs. 65%

•Pruritus: 10% vs. 35% vs. 45% vs 0

•Nausea and vomiting: 25% vs. 45% vs. 75% vs. 75%

•Intraoperative discomfort: 0 vs. 0 vs. 0 vs. 0

•Respiratory depression: 0 vs. 0 vs. 0 vs. 0

4

[15]Han et al. 2007

[Korea]

[2/0/2/0]

Control

Vs.

Meperidine (M) 12.5 mg

Group M (20) vs. Control (20)

•Incidence: 20% vs. 65%

•Severity (Grades 3 and 4): 5% vs. 35%

Side Effects: NA

5

[26]Hong et al. 2005

[South Korea]

[2/1/2/2]

Control

Vs.

Meperidine (M) 10 mg

Group M (30) vs. Control (30)

•Incidence: 3.3% vs. 23.3%

•Severity (Grades 3 and 4): 0% vs. 20%

Side Effects: NA

6

[24]Denis Roy et al. 2004

[Canada]

[2/0/2/0]

Control

Vs.

Meperidine (M) 0.2 mg/kg

(15 mg average)

Group M (20) vs. Control (20)

•Incidence: 45% vs. 85%

•Severity (Grades 3 and 4): 10% vs. 45%

Side Effects:

•Hypotension: NA

•Pruritus: 0 vs. 0

•Nausea and vomiting: 0 vs. 0

•Intraoperative discomfort: NA

•Respiratory depression: 0 vs. 0

7

[29]Rastegarian et al. 2013

[Iran]

[2/1/2/2]

Control

Vs.

Meperidine (M) 0.2 mg/kg

(15 mg average)

Group M (50) vs. Control 50)

•Incidence: 8% vs. 28%

•Severity (Grades 3 and 4): 0% vs. 18%

Side Effects:

•Hypotension: 14% vs 12%

•Pruritus: 0 vs. 0

•Nausea and vomiting: 18% vs. 0

•Intraoperative discomfort: NA

•Respiratory depression: 0 vs. 0

8

[25]Anaraki et al. 2012

[Iran]

[2/1/2/2]

Control

Vs.

Meperidine (M1) 0.2 mg/kg

(15 mg average)

Meperidine (M2) 0.3 mg/kg

(25 mg average)

Meperidine (M3) 0.4 mg/kg

(30 mg average)

Group M1 (38) vs. M2 (38) vs. M3 (39) Control (38)

•Incidence: 37.5% vs. 27.5% vs. 15% vs. 47.5%

•Severity (Grades 3 and 4): 17.5% vs. 7.5% vs. 2.5% vs. 30%

Side Effects:

•Hypotension: NA

•Pruritus: 28.21% vs. 38.46% vs. 48.72% vs. 25.64%

•Nausea and vomiting: 15.4% vs. 25.9% vs. 35.8% vs. 8%

•Intraoperative discomfort: 4.6% vs. 4.8% vs. 4.3% vs. 17.6%

•Respiratory depression: 0 vs. 0 vs. 0 vs. 0

9

[27]Imarengiaye et al. 2011

[Nigeria]

[2/1/2/1]

Control

Vs.

Meperidine (M) 7.5 mg

Group M (25) vs. Control (25)

•Incidence: 0% vs. 4%

•Severity (Grades 3 and 4): NA

Side Effects:

•Hypotension: 40% vs. 8%

•Pruritus: 0 vs. 0

•Nausea and vomiting: 20% vs. 0%

•Intraoperative discomfort: 0% vs. 16%

•Respiratory depression: 0 vs. 0

10

[30]Shami et al. 2016

[Iran]

[2/1/2/2]

Control

Vs.

Meperidine (M) 5 mg

Meperidine (M) 10 mg

Group M5 (50) vs. Group M10 (50) vs. Control (50)

•Incidence: 13 vs. 3 vs. 25 (26% vs. 6% vs. 3%)

•Severity (Grades 3 and 4): 0 vs 0 vs. 1 (2%)

Side Effects:

•Hypotension: 33 vs. 37 vs. 34 (66% vs. 74% vs. 68%)

•Pruritus: 3 vs. 13 vs. 0 (6% vs. 26% vs. 0)

•Nausea and vomiting: 38 vs. 40 vs. 25 (76% vs. 80% vs. 50%)

•Intraoperative discomfort: NA

•Respiratory depression: NA