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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients receiving intrathecal morphine (ITM) or Usual care. Data presented as median (interquartile range) or number of patients (proportion)

From: Intrathecal morphine is associated with reduction in postoperative opioid requirements and improvement in postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing open liver resection

 

ITM (n = 125)

Usual care (n = 91)

P-value

Age (years)

61 (52.5:68.5)

59 (49:66)

0.26

Gender (male: female)

81 (65%): 44 (35%)

45 (49%): 46 (51%)

0.03

Body mass index (kg/m2)

25.9 (22.8:30.6)

26.2 (23.4:30.1)

0.71

Charlson comorbidity index

6.5 (4.0:8.0)

7.0 (4.0:8.0)i

0.99

Preoperative chemotherapy within 3 months

21 (16.8%)

11 (12.1%)

0.44

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANAESTHESIOLOGISTS SCORE

1

1 (0.8%)

2 (2.2%)

0.72

2

44 (35.2%)

35 (38.5%)

3

77 (61.6%)

51 (56%)

4

3 (2.4%)

3 (3.3%)

BASELINE BIOCHEMISTRY

Haemoglobin (g/L)

143 (129.5:150.5)

131 (122:146)

0.005

White cell count (× 109/L)

7 (5:8)

6 (5:8)

0.05

Platelet count (× 109/L)

220 (158:273.3)

222 (173.5:280)

0.52

Urea (mg/dL)

6 (4.5:7)

6 (4:7)

0.53

Creatinine (μmol/L)

76.5 (63.25:87)

71.5 (61.25:88)

0.34

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73m2)

86 (75:90)

90 (74.5:90)

0.6

Alanine transaminase (U/L)

49 (33.5:97)

57.5 (41.5:88.25)

0.67

Aspartate transaminase (U/L)

53 (47:85.5)

68 (64:113)

0.24

Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)

147 (94:201.5)

176 (19.3:246.5)

0.33

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (U/L)

109 (65.75:157.5)

125 (72.5:220)

0.72

Albumin (g/L)

39 (35:42)

37.5 (34:39)

0.08

Bilirubin (μmol/L)

11.5 (6.25:16.75)

12 (7.5:21)

0.54

Activated partial thromboplastin time (s)

27 (24:29)

28 (25:30)

0.17

International normalized ratio

1 (1:1)

1 (1:1)

0.4

PATHOLOGY

Benign

13 (10.4%)

20 (21.9%)

0.17

Adenoma

8 (6.4%)

8 (8.8%)

Haemangioma

1 (0.8%)

2 (2.2%)

Other liver pathology

4 (3.2%)

10 (11.0%)

Malignant

112 (89.6%)

71 (78.1%)

Hepatocellular carcinoma

36 (28.8%)

29 (31.9%)

Cholangiocarcinoma

14 (11.2%)

5 (5.5%)

Gallbladder tumor

4 (3.2%)

2 (2.2%)

Metastatic colorectal

58 (46.4%)

35 (38.5%)

COMPLEXITY OF RESECTION

Minor resection (≤ 3 sections)

85 (68.0%)

68 (74.7%)

0.29

Major resection (≥ 4 sections)

40 (32.0%)

23 (25.3%)

TYPE OF SURGERY

Right hepatectomy

23 (18.4%)

12 (13.2%)

0.53

Left hepatectomy

9 (7.2%)

8 (8.8%)

Central hepatectomy

2 (1.6%)

0 (0%)

Segmental resection (< 3 segments)

76 (60.8%)

61 (67.0%)

Extended left or right hepatectomy (> 5+ segments)

15 (12%)

10 (11.0%)