| All Patients (n = 302) | OLV (n = 168) | TLV (n = 134) | p value | Endoscopic (n = 46) | Open (n = 256) | p value | Low Risk (n = 38) | High Risk (n = 264) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ventilation and vital signs | ||||||||||
Ventilatory mode | ||||||||||
 Volume controlled | 209 (70.8) | 121 (73.3) | 88 (67.7) | 0.055 | 28 (65.1) | 181 (71.8) | 0.285 | 32 (91.4) | 177 (68.1) |  |
 Pressure controlled | 51 (17.3) | 28 (17.0) | 23 (17.7) |  | 7 (16.3) | 44 (17.5) |  | 2 (5.7) | 49 (18.8) |  |
 Pressure support | 3 (1.2) | 3 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |  | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.2) |  | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.2) | 0.109 |
 Spontaneous | 8 (2.7) | 1 (0.6) | 7 (5.4) |  | 3 (7.0) | 5 (2.0) |  | 0 (0.0) | 8 (3.1) |  |
 Other | 24 (8.1) | 12 (7.3) | 12 (9.2) |  | 5 (11.6) | 19 (7.5) |  | 1 (2.9) | 23 (8.8) |  |
VT, ml | 472.2 (400.5–525.0) | 453.5 (398.4–510.0) | 475.0 (430.6–549.0) | 0.015 | 468.8 (400.0–544.5) | 472.2 (405.6–525.0) | 0.895 | 483.2 (443.1–543.9) | 468.5 (400.0–525.0) | 0.102 |
VT, ml/kg PBWa | 7.6 (6.3–8.4) | 7.4 (6.0–8.3) | 7.6 (6.6–8.5) | 0.050 | 7.6 (6.2–8.8) | 7.5 (6.3–8.3) | 0.225 | 7.6 (7.0–8.3) | 7.5 (6.2–8.4) | 0.587 |
Peak pressure, cmH2Oa | 20.0 (17.5–24.0) | 21.0 (18.0–25.0) | 19.0 (16.0–23.0) | 0.001 | 20.0 (16.2–23.0) | 20.0 (18.0–24.0) | 0.187 | 18.5 (15.6–22.0) | 20.0 (18.0–24.1) | 0.068 |
Plato pressure, cmH2Oa | 17.8 (15.0–21.0) | 18.2 (16.0–21.4) | 16.5 (13.1–20.0) | 0.004 | 16.0 (12.5–20.2) | 18.0 (15.0–21.0) | 0.118 | 15.8 (13.0–18.9) | 18.0 (15.5–21.0) | 0.010 |
PEEP, cmH2Oa | 4.0 (1.5–5.0) | 4.5 (2.4–5.0) | 3.0 (1.5–5.0) | 0.006 | 3.0 (1.5–5.0) | 4.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.176 | 2.0 (0.0–5.0) | 4.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.008 |
Driving pressure, cmH2Oa | 14.0 (11.0–17.0) | 14.5 (12.0–17.5) | 13.0 (10.5–16.0) | 0.016 | 13.0 (10.8–16.0) | 14.0 (11.5–17.0) | 0.389 | 14.0 (10.5–16.0) | 14.0 (11.5–17.0) | 0.216 |
Respiratory rate, bpm | 12.0 (12.0–14.0) | 12.0 (12.0–15.0) | 12.0 (12.0–14.0) | 0.128 | 12.0 (11.1–14.4) | 12.0 (12.0–14.0) | 0.715 | 12.0 (12.0–13.5) | 12.0 (12.0–14.5) | 0.644 |
FiO2, % | 65.0 (50.0–80.0) | 65.8 (50.0–85.0) | 63.5 (50.0–80.0) | 0.294 | 70.0 (58.5–83.6) | 64.5 (50.0–80.0) | 0.151 | 68.2 (50.0–75.0) | 65.0 (50.0–84.0) | 0.543 |
SpO2, % | 99.0 (97.5–100.0) | 98.5 (97.0–100.0) | 99.0 (98.0–100.0) | 0.039 | 99.0 (98.0–99.9) | 99.0 (97.5–100.0) | 0.724 | 99.0 (98.0–100.0) | 99.0 (97.5–100.0) | 0.352 |
MAP, mmHg | 78.0 (71.0–86.6) | 78.0 (71.0–86.0) | 78.0 (71.0–88.0) | 0.940 | 80.8 (74.0–95.0) | 77.5 (70.0–85.0) | 0.009 | 77.5 (71.5–91.6) | 78.0 (71.0–86.0) | 0.474 |
Heart rate, bpm | 73.5 (64.5–82.0) | 73.5 (64.5–82.5) | 73.5 (65.0–81.1) | 0.893 | 73.2 (65.2–79.0) | 74.0 (64.5–82.0) | 0.663 | 75.0 (70.0–81.5) | 73.5 (63.6–82.0) | 0.223 |
RM | 105 (34.8) | 71 (42.3) | 34 (25.4) | 0.002 | 13 (28.3) | 92 (35.9) | 0.314 | 7 (18.4) | 98 (37.1) | 0.023 |
 In the last hour | 68 (22.5) | 52 (31.0) | 16 (11.9) | <  0.001 | 6 (13.0) | 62 (24.2) | 0.094 | 2 (5.3) | 66 (25.0) | 0.006 |
Number of RM | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.8) | 0.003 | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.397 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.020 |
Protective ventilation | 41 (14.8) | 13 (8.3) | 28 (23.5) | <  0.001 | 10 (24.4) | 31 (13.2) | 0.091 | 4 (11.4) | 37 (15.4) | 0.798 |
Anesthesia characteristics | ||||||||||
Type of anesthesia | ||||||||||
 TIVA | 56 (18.5) | 25 (14.9) | 31 (23.1) | 0.012 | 10 (21.7) | 46 (18.0) | 0.287 | 6 (15.8) | 50 (18.9) |  |
 Volatile | 188 (62.3) | 117 (69.6) | 71 (53.0) |  | 31 (67.4) | 157 (61.3) |  | 22 (57.9) | 166 (62.9) | 0.483 |
 Mixed | 58 (19.2) | 26 (15.5) | 32 (23.9) |  | 5 (10.9) | 53 (20.7) |  | 10 (26.3) | 48 (18.2) |  |
Opioids | ||||||||||
 Short acting | 66 (21.9) | 39 (23.2) | 27 (20.3) | 0.151 | 14 (30.4) | 52 (20.4) | 0.306 | 11 (28.9) | 55 (20.9) |  |
 Long acting | 202 (66.9) | 106 (63.1) | 96 (72.2) |  | 28 (60.9) | 174 (68.2) |  | 24 (63.2) | 178 (67.7) | 0.475 |
 Both | 33 (10.9) | 23 (13.7) | 10 (7.5) |  | 4 (8.7) | 29 (11.4) |  | 3 (7.9) | 30 (11.4) |  |
Total Fluids | ||||||||||
 Crystalloids, ml | 1000.0 (875.0–2000.0) | 1000.0 (1000.0–1750.0) | 1000.0 (800.0–2000.0) | 0.949 | 900.0 (500.0–1100.0) | 1130.0 (1000.0–2000.0) | < 0.001 | 1000.0 (670.0–1000.0) | 1100.0 (1000.0–2000.0) | < 0.001 |
 Colloids, ml | 500.0 (67.5–700.0) | 500.0 (0.0–500.0) | 500.0 (500.0–1000.0) | 0.076 | 0.0 (0.0–500.0) | 500.0 (450.0–850.0) | 0.027 | 0.0 (0.0–500.0) | 500.0 (500.0–1000.0) | 0.007 |
 Albumin, ml | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–12.2) | 0.755 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.212 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.134 |
 PRBC, units | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.162 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.045 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.017 |
Reversal of NMBA | 115 (38.1) | 72 (43.1) | 43 (32.1) | 0.050 | 16 (34.8) | 99 (38.8) | 0.603 | 14 (36.8) | 101 (38.4) | 0.853 |