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Table 1 Pre-Operative Characteristics of the Patients According to Subgroups

From: Intraoperative mechanical ventilation practice in thoracic surgery patients and its association with postoperative pulmonary complications: results of a multicenter prospective observational study

 

All Patients

(n = 302)

OLV

(n = 168)

TLV

(n = 134)

p value

Endoscopic

(n = 46)

Open

(n = 256)

p value

Low Risk

(n = 38)

High Risk

(n = 264)

p value

Age, years

62.0 (50.0–70.8)

62.0 (50.0–70.0)

62.0 (47.2–71.0)

0.799

62.0 (49.8–70.8)

62.0 (50.0–70.2)

0.839

37.0 (28.2–46.0)

64.0 (54.8–71.2)

<  0.001

Male gender

181 (59.9)

101 (60.1)

80 (59.7)

0.941

23 (50.0)

158 (61.7)

0.135

17 (44.7)

164 (62.1)

0.040

BMI, kg/m2

25.6 (22.9–28.9)

25.7 (23.3–29.3)

25.4 (22.5–28.7)

0.398

25.1 (21.8–27.5)

25.7 (23.0–29.3)

0.129

23.1 (20.9–26.3)

25.8 (23.4–29.2)

0.010

ASA physical status

   

0.573

  

0.880

  

<  0.001

 1

40 (13.3)

22 (13.1)

18 (13.5)

 

5 (11.1)

35 (13.7)

 

20 (54.1)

20 (7.6)

 

 2

109 (36.2)

60 (35.7)

49 (36.8)

 

18 (40.0)

91 (35.5)

 

17 (45.9)

92 (34.8)

 

 3

141 (46.8)

82 (48.8)

59 (44.4)

 

20 (44.4)

121 (47.3)

 

0 (0.0)

141 (53.4)

 

 4

11 (3.7)

4 (2.4)

7 (5.3)

 

2 (4.4)

9 (3.5)

 

0 (0.0)

11 (4.2)

 

ARISCAT score

40.0 (27.0–49.5)

40.0 (27.0–47.0)

39.0 (27.0–50.0)

0.755

35.0 (27.0–43.0)

40.0 (27.0–50.0)

0.018

24.0 (24.0–24.0)

43.0 (27.0–50.0)

< 0.001

Functional status

 Independent

270 (89.4)

153 (91.1)

117 (88.0)

0.536

43 (93.5)

227 (89.0)

0.438

36 (94.7)

234 (89.0)

 

 Partially dependent

26 (8.6)

12 (7.1)

14 (10.5)

 

2 (4.3)

24 (9.4)

 

2 (5.3)

24 (9.1)

0.772

 Totally dependent

5 (1.7)

3 (1.8)

2 (1.5)

 

1 (2.2)

4 (1.6)

 

0 (0.0)

5 (1.9)

 

Smoking

83 (27.5)

43 (25.6)

40 (29.9)

0.410

12 (26.1)

71 (27.7)

0.817

9 (23.7)

74 (28.0)

0.574

Transfusion (<  24 h)

6 (2.0)

2 (1.2)

4 (3.0)

0.411

0 (0.0)

6 (2.3)

0.595

0 (0.0)

6 (2.3)

1.000

Respiratory infection (<  30 d)

24 (7.9)

17 (10.1)

7 (5.2)

0.118

2 (4.3)

22 (8.6)

0.551

0 (0.0)

24 (9.1)

0.054

Recent MV (<  30 d)

8 (2.6)

5 (3.0)

3 (2.2)

1.000

0 (0.0)

8 (3.1)

0.612

0 (0.0)

8 (3.0)

0.602

Co-morbidities

 COPD

54 (17.9)

35 (20.8)

19 (14.2)

0.133

6 (13.0)

48 (18.8)

0.352

1 (2.6)

53 (20.1)

0.005

 Apnea

5 (1.7)

1 (0.6)

4 (3.0)

0.174

1 (2.2)

4 (1.6)

0.564

0 (0.0)

5 (1.9)

1.000

 Liver cirrhosis

2 (0.7)

2 (1.2)

0 (0.0)

0.504

0 (0.0)

2 (0.8)

1.000

0 (0.0)

2 (0.8)

1.000

 Chronic kidney failure

7 (2.3)

5 (3.0)

2 (2.0)

0.468

1 (2.2)

6 (2.3)

1.000

0 (0.0)

7 (2.7)

0.601

 Heart failure

23 (7.6)

9 (5.4)

14 (10.4)

0.097

2 (4.3)

21 (8.2)

0.548

0 (0.0)

23 (8.7)

0.092

 Neuro disease

8 (2.6)

5 (5.0)

3 (2.2)

1.000

2 (4.3)

6 (2.3)

0.350

2 (5.3)

6 (2.3)

0.265

Laboratorial tests and vital signs

SpO2, %

97.0 (95.0–98.0)

97.0 (95.0–98.0)

97.0 (95.0–98.0)

0.347

98.0 (95.0–99.0)

97.0 (95.0–98.0)

0.232

98.0 (97.0–99.0)

97.0 (95.0–98.0)

< 0.001

Hemoglobin, g/dL

13.5 (12.4–14.8)

13.5 (12.4–14.5)

13.4 (12.5–15.0)

0.700

13.3 (12.9–14.6)

13.6 (12.3–14.8)

0.773

14.3 (13.3–15.2)

13.4 (12.3–14.6)

0.002

WBC, cell/mm3

7150.0 (6000.0–9000.0)

7000.0 (6000.0–9000.0)

7565.0 (6000.0–9150.0)

0.755

8000.0 (6000.0–9912.5)

7000.0 (6000.0–9000.0)

0.344

7000.0 (6000.0–8125.0)

7300.0 (6000.0–9000.0)

0.506

Surgical characteristics

Procedurea

 Vascular

2 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

2 (1.5)

0.196

0 (0.0)

2 (0.8)

1.000

0 (0.0)

2 (0.8)

1.000

 Cardiac

12 (4.0)

0 (0.0)

12 (9.0)

<  0.001

1 (2.2)

11 (4.3)

0.700

0 (0.0)

12 (4.5)

0.374

 Lung / Pleural

231 (76.5)

152 (90.5)

79 (59.0)

<  0.001

34 (73.9)

197 (77.0)

0.654

27 (71.1)

204 (77.3)

0.397

 Other

64 (21.2)

21 (12.5)

43 (32.1)

<  0.001

11 (23.9)

53 (20.7)

0.623

12 (31.6)

52 (19.7)

0.093

Condition

 Elective

283 (93.7)

160 (95.2)

123 (91.8)

0.454

41 (91.3)

241 (94.1)

0.148

36 (94.7)

247 (93.6)

 

 Urgency

13 (4.3)

5 (3.0)

8 (6.0)

 

4 (8.7)

9 (3.5)

 

2 (5.3)

11 (4.2)

0.856

 Emergency

6 (2.0)

3 (1.8)

3 (2.2)

 

0 (0.0)

6 (2.3)

 

0 (0.0)

6 (2.3)

 

Planned duration

  ≤ 2 h

136 (45.0)

73 (43.5)

63 (47.0)

0.427

28 (60.9)

108 (42.2)

0.061

30 (78.9)

106 (40.2)

 

 2–3 h

95 (31.5)

58 (34.5)

37 (27.6)

 

11 (23.9)

84 (32.8)

 

6 (15.8)

89 (33.7)

<  0.001

  > 3 h

71 (23.5)

37 (22.0)

34 (25.4)

 

7 (15.2)

64 (25.0)

 

2 (5.3)

69 (26.1)

 

Antibiotic prophylaxis

266 (88.1)

146 (86.9)

120 (89.6)

0.480

38 (82.6)

228 (89.1)

0.213

27 (71.1)

239 (90.5)

<  0.001

Epidural anesthesia

72 (23.8)

48 (28.6)

24 (17.9)

0.307

5 (10.9)

67 (26.2)

0.024

4 (10.5)

68 (25.8)

0.039

Type of tube

 Endotracheal

84 (27.8)

11 (6.5)

73 (54.5)

<  0.001

24 (52.2)

60 (23.4)

0.001

15 (39.5)

69 (26.1)

 

 Bronchus blocker

19 (6.3)

12 (7.1)

7 (5.2)

 

1 (2.2)

18 (7.0)

 

2 (5.3)

17 (6.4)

0.295

 SGA

6 (2.0)

2 (1.2)

4 (3.0)

 

0 (0.0)

6 (2.3)

 

1 (2.6)

5 (1.9)

 

 DLT

193 (63.9)

143 (85.1)

50 (37.3)

 

21 (45.7)

172 (67.2)

 

20 (52.6)

173 (65.5)

 

Duration of surgery, min

105.0 (55.0–174.2)

104.0 (57.5–164.8)

105.0 (55.0–180.0)

0.836

62.5 (45.0–131.2)

110.0 (62.2–180.0)

0.003

55.0 (41.2–80.0)

115.0 (62.2–180.8)

< 0.001

Duration of anesthesia, min

145.0 (90.0–225.0)

147.5 (97.8–225.0)

145.0 (90.0–235.0)

0.651

105.0 (80.0–153.8)

152.0 (100.0–236.0)

0.001

88.0 (64.5–120.0)

160.0 (100.0–240.0)

< 0.001

  1. Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (percentage). p values from a Proportions χ2 or Fisher exact tests for proportions and Mann-Whitney U Test for continuous variables
  2. ARISCAT: ASA American Society of Anesthesiology recommended physical status, BMI Body mass index, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DLT Double-lumen tube, MV Mechanical ventilation, OLV One-lung ventilation, SGA Supraglottic airway, SpO2 Pulse oximetry, TLV Total lung ventilation, WBC White blood count;
  3. amore than one option allowed
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BMC Anesthesiology

ISSN: 1471-2253

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