Table 2 Comparison of haemodynamic parameters in fluid responders and non-responders. Values are expressed as mean (SD) or median [interquartile range]. CI indexed cardiac output, EA arterial elastance, ELV ventricular elastance, FC fluid challenge, HR heart rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, MAP mean arterial pressure, PVA pressure volume area, SAP systolic arterial pressure, SVi indexed stroke volume, SVRi indexed systemic vascular resistance, SW stroke work; $: p < 0.05 within groups (pre−/post-FC)
Haemodynamic variables | SV Non-responders (n = 7) | SV Responders (n = 23) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
HR (bpm) | |||
Pre-FC | 81 (23) | 84 (22) | 0.863 |
Post-FC | 79 (19) | 77 (18) $ | 0.861 |
SAP (mmHg) | |||
Pre-FC | 100 (21) | 103 (16) | 0.704 |
Post-FC | 109 (22) | 125 (22) $ | 0.085 |
MAP (mmHg) | |||
Pre-FC | 71 (12) | 73 (12) | 0.746 |
Post-FC | 76 (12) | 86 (14) $ | 0.110 |
LVEF (%) | |||
Pre-FC | 54 (11) | 48 (11) | 0.202 |
Post-FC | 51 (8) | 50 (10) $ | 0.917 |
SVi (ml m−2) | |||
Pre-FC | 28 (8) | 22 (7) | 0.050 |
Post-FC | 25 (5) | 29 (10) $ | 0.401 |
CI (ml min−1m− 2) | |||
Pre-FC | 2.3 (0.9) | 1.7 (0.5) | 0.045 |
Post-FC | 1.9 (0.8) | 2.2 (0.6) $ | 0.487 |
Arterial elastance (EA) (mmHg ml−1) | |||
Pre-FC | 1.8 [1.4–2.2] | 2.5 [1.8–3.1] | 0.033 |
Post-FC | 2 [1.6–2.6] | 2.2 [1.5–3.2] $ | 0.774 |
Arterial compliance (ml mmHg−1) | |||
Pre-FC | 1.6 (0.9) | 0.94 (0.32) | 0.014 |
Post-FC | 1.1 (0.5) | 0.98 (0.37) | 0.455 |
SVRi (mmHg ml−1m−2) | |||
Pre-FC | 34 (13) | 47 (14) | 0.055 |
Post-FC | 37 (10) | 38 (11) $ | 0.672 |
Ventricular elastance (ELV) (mmHg ml−1) | |||
Pre-FC | 1.6 (1.1–2) | 1.5 (0.9–1.7) | 0.564 |
Post-FC | 1.5 (1.1–2.4) | 1.5 (0.9–1.7) | 0.564 |
EA/ELVratio | |||
Pre-FC | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | 1.9 (1.7–2.2) | 0.007 |
Post-FC | 1.4 (0.9–1.8) $ | 1.5 (1.3–2) $ | 0.144 |
SW (joules) | |||
Pre-FC | 4769 (1513) | 3672 (1349) | 0.077 |
Post-FC | 4691 (1690) | 6032 (2040) $ | 0.126 |
PVA (joules) | |||
Pre-FC | 6919 (1705) | 6111 (9132) | 0.329 |
Post-FC | 7319 (1964) | 9164 (2868) $ | 0.124 |
SW/PVA ratio | |||
Pre-FC | 0.69 (0.13) | 0.60 (0.14) | 0.136 |
Post-FC | 0.64 (0.13) $ | 0.66 (0.12) $ | 0.761 |