Intraoperative hypotension is associated with increased postoperative complications in patients undergoing surgery for pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma: a retrospective cohort study

Table 3 Postoperative outcomes

Variables	Without postoperative complications (n = 284)	With postoperative complications (n = 43)	P value
Acute kidney injury ^a	–	23 (53.5%)	–
Stage 1	–	19 (44.2%)	–
Stage 2	–	4 (9.3%)	–
Other postoperative complications	–	30 (69.8%)	–
Use of vasopressors ^b	47 (16.5%)	19 (44.2%)	< 0.001
Duration of vasopressors (hr) ^c	18.2 (11.8, 24.7)	22.1 (8.8, 35.4)	0.546
ICU admission	174 (61.3%)	41 (95.3%)	< 0.001
Use of MV	107 (37.7%)	33 (76.7%)	< 0.001
Duration of MV (hr) ^d	4.1 (3.4, 4.8)	14.7 (5.6, 23.5)	0.003
Length of ICU stay (day) ^e	1.4 (1.2, 1.5)	2.2 (1.8, 2.7)	< 0.001
Hospital stay after surgery (day)	5.9 (5.5, 6.2)	9.5 (7.5, 11.5)	< 0.001
In-hospital mortality	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	–

Data were presented as number of patients (percentage) or mean (95% confidence interval)
ICU Intensive care unit, MV Mechanical ventilation
^a Defined as increase in serum creatinine by ≥26.5 μmol/l within 48 h; or increase in serum creatinine to ≥1.5 times baseline, which is known or presumed to have occurred within the prior 7 days; or urine volume < 0.5 ml/kg/h for 6 h. Stage 1 was defined as serum creatinine 1.5–1.9 times baseline or ≥ 26.5 μmol/l increase or urine output < 0.5 ml/kg/h for 6–12 h; stage 2 was defined as serum creatinine 2.0–2.9 times baseline or urine output < 0.5 ml/kg/h for ≥12 h; stage 3 was defined as serum creatinine 3 times baseline or increase to ≥353.6 μmol/l or initiation of renal replacement therapy or urine output < 0.3 ml/kg/h ≥ 24 h or anuria ≥12 h
^b Requirement of vasopressors (norepinephrine or epinephrine) to maintain systolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg after surgery
^c Results of patients who required vasopressors after surgery
^d Results of patients who required mechanical ventilation in the ICU after surgery
^e Results of patients who were admitted to the ICU after surgery

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