Table 2 Baseline and intraoperative variables
Variables | Without postoperative complications (n = 284) | With postoperative complications (n = 43) | P value a |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 46 ± 15 | 48 ± 16 | 0.379 |
Male gender b | 119 (41.9%) | 28 (65.1%) | 0.004 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 3.5 | 23.2 ± 3.7 | 0.811 |
Preoperative comorbidity | |||
 Diabetes mellitus | 38 (13.4%) | 12 (27.9%) | 0.014 |
 Coronary heart disease | 18 (6.3%) | 1 (2.3%) | 0.487 |
 Previous stroke | 9 (3.2%) | 7 (16.3%) | 0.002 |
ASA classification b | Â | Â | 0.223 |
 1 | 14 (4.9%) | 2 (4.7%) |  |
 2 | 210 (73.9%) | 26 (60.5%) |  |
 3 | 59 (20.8%) | 15 (34.9%) |  |
 4 | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
Preoperative examination | |||
 Hemoglobin (g/L) | 134 ± 18 | 133 ± 24 | 0.851 |
 Serum catecholamine | |||
  Dopamine (pmol/L) | 0.10 (0.05 to 0.31) | 0.10 (0.06 to 0.44) | 0.412 |
  Norepinephrine (pmol/L) | 11.7 (4.3 to 26.7) | 15.3 (4.9 to 33.1) | 0.397 |
  Epinephrine (pmol/L) | 0.45 (0.09 to 0.90) | 0.66 (0.28 to 1.20) | 0.100 |
 Maximal tumor diameter (cm) b,c | 5.3 ± 2.2 | 6.7 ± 3.2 | 0.012 |
 Paraganglioma b | 53 (18.7%) | 16 (37.2%) | 0.005 |
Preoperative antihypertensives | |||
 α-AR antagonist d | 246 (86.6%) | 37 (86.0%) | 0.918 |
  Selective α1-AR antagonist | 144 (58.5%) | 20 (54.1%) | 0.607 |
 β-AR antagonist | 65 (22.9%) | 12 (27.9%) | 0.470 |
 Calcium channel blocker | 73 (25.7%) | 20 (46.5%) | 0.005 |
 Combined b | 83 (29.2%) | 22 (51.2%) | 0.004 |
Intravenous fluid | 140 (49.6%) | 22 (51.2%) | 0.853 |
Preoperative SBP (mmHg) | 125 ± 17 | 131 ± 13 | 0.040 |
Preoperative DBP (mmHg) | 77 ± 12 | 81 ± 10 | 0.025 |
Preoperative HR (bpm) | 74 ± 11 | 78 ± 9 | 0.020 |
Period of surgery b | Â | Â | 0.005 |
 2005–2009 | 65 (22.9%) | 7 (16.3%) |  |
 2010–2013 | 61 (21.5%) | 19 (44.2%) |  |
 2014–2017 | 158 (55.6%) | 17 (39.5%) |  |
Duration of anesthesia (min) | 214 ± 82 | 308 ± 148 | < 0.001 |
Type of anesthesia b | Â | Â | 0.055 |
 General | 188 (66.2%) | 22 (51.2%) |  |
 Combined epidural-general e | 96 (33.8%) | 21 (48.8%) |  |
Duration of surgery (min) b | 129 ± 75 | 223 ± 148 | < 0.001 |
Type of surgery b | Â | Â | 0.015 |
 Open | 89 (31.3%) | 23 (53.5%) |  |
 Laparoscopic | 192 (67.6%) | 20 (46.5%) |  |
 Transurethral | 3 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
Estimated blood loss (ml) | 100 (50 to 300) | 500 (100 to 1800) | < 0.001 |
Minimal hemoglobin (g/L) | 110 ± 22 | 96 ± 22 | 0.001 |
Blood transfusion b,f | 37 (13.0%) | 20 (46.5%) | < 0.001 |
Positive fluid balance (ml) | 2200 (1500 to 3025) | 3150 (2350 to 5475) | 0.001 |
Use of antihypertensives | 243 (85.6%) | 41 (95.3%) | 0.077 |
Combined antihypertensives b,g | 173 (60.9%) | 34 (79.1%) | 0.021 |
Use of vasopressors b | 129 (45.4%) | 33 (76.7%) | < 0.001 |
Combined vasopressors h | 46 (16.2%) | 16 (37.2%) | 0.001 |