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Table 1 Occurrence and severity of individual complications following surgery

From: Intraoperative hypotension is associated with increased postoperative complications in patients undergoing surgery for pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma: a retrospective cohort study

Complications

Total number

Severity of postoperative complications a

II

IIIa

IIIb

IVa

IVb

V

Stroke b

2

2

–

–

–

–

–

Respiratory complications

6

4

2

–

–

–

–

 Pulmonary infection c

4

4

–

–

–

–

–

 Pleural effusion d

2

–

2

–

–

–

–

Cardiovascular complications

3

2

1

–

–

–

–

 New onset arrhythmia e

1

–

1

–

–

–

–

 Acute myocardial infarction f

2

2

–

–

–

–

–

Surgery-related complications

6

3

–

1

1

1

–

 Surgical bleeding g

3

–

–

1

1

1

–

 Ileus h

3

3

–

–

–

–

–

Thromboembolic complications

3

2

–

–

1

–

–

 Pulmonary embolism i

1

–

–

–

1

–

–

 Deep venous thrombosis j

2

2

–

–

–

–

–

Hypoglycemia k

9

9

–

–

–

–

–

Urinary tract infection l

1

1

–

–

–

–

–

  1. Data are number
  2. a According to Clavien-Dindo classification
  3. b Persisted new focal neurologic deficit and confirmed by neurologic imaging
  4. c Presence of at least one of the following manifestations, i.e., increased or color-changed sputum, new or changed pulmonary infiltrates, fever, and leukocyte count > 12,000/mm3, and required antibiotic therapy
  5. d Confirmed by chest X-ray or ultrasound examination and required drainage, aspiration, and/or diuresis after albumin administration
  6. e New onset atrial fibrillation or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia that necessitated antiarrhythmic therapy
  7. f Concentration of cardiac troponin I exceed the diagnostic criteria for myocardial infarction as well as new Q waves (lasts for 0.03 s) or continuous (4 days) abnormal ST-T segment
  8. g Bleeding after surgery that required secondary surgical hemostasis
  9. h Lack of bowel movement, flatulence, and requirement of parenteral nutrition for more than 1 week after surgery
  10. i Confirmed by computed tomographic pulmonary angiography
  11. j Confirmed by deep venous ultrasonography
  12. k Defined as a documented serum blood glucose level of less than 55 mg/dL
  13. l Confirmed by urinalysis and urine culture and necessitated antibiotic therapy