Table 1 Baseline and perioperative variables and their univariate association with overall survival

Age (yr.)

61 (53–67)

1.201 (0.941–1.533)

Body mass index (kg m^− 2)

24.2 (22.2–26.1)

0.956 (0.921–0.992)

Male sex

328 (63.7%)

1.473 (1.132–1.916)

Chronic smoking ^b

277 (53.8%)

1.296 (1.015–1.656)

 Coronary heart disease

30 (5.8%)

0.868 (0.507–1.487)

 Hypertension

135 (26.2%)

0.644 (0.478–0.869)

 Diabetes mellitus

56 (10.9%)

0.889 (0.597–1.324)

 Stroke

17 (3.3%)

1.417 (0.775–2.592)

Preoperative chemotherapy^c

57 (11.1%)

1.608 (1.136–2.278)

Charlson Comorbidity Index ^d

0 (0–0)

1.010 (0.798–1.279)

 I

183 (35.5%)

1.000

 II + III

332 (64.5%)

0.851 (0.663–1.093)

  < 120

85 (16.5%)

1.000

 120–139

153 (29.7%)

1.093 (0.758–1.576)

 140–159

158 (30.7%)

0.808 (0.556–1.175)

  ≥ 160

119 (23.1%)

1.015 (0.690–1.492)

Combined epidural-general anesthesia (vs. general anesthesia)

110 (21.4%)

0.948 (0.707–1.272)

 Propofol (vs. no use)

459 (89.1%)

1.207 (0.799–1.823)

 Etomidate (vs. no use)

118 (22.9%)

0.944 (0.814–1.094)

 Nitrous oxide (vs. no use)

94 (18.3%)

0.951 (0.820–1.102)

 Sevoflurane (vs. no use)

198 (38.4%)

0.944 (0.739–1.207)

 Isoflurane (vs. no use)

310 (60.2%)

1.067 (0.835–1.365)

Perioperative sufentanil equivalent (μg)

280 (93–320)

0.999 (0.998–1.000)

Perioperative use of dexamethasone

266 (51.7%)

0.776 (0.608–0.989)

Perioperative use of flurbiprofen axetil

311 (60.4%)

0.761 (0.596–0.971)

Intraoperative crystalloid (ml)

1350 (1100–1600)

1.000 (1.000–1.000)

Intraoperative artificial colloid (ml)

500 (500–1000)

1.000 (1.000–1.000)

Intraoperative vasoactive drugs

101 (19.6%)

1.067 (0.793–1.437)

Intraoperative blood transfusion

9 (1.7%)

3.018 (1.490–6.109)

Duration of surgery (hr.)

4.0 (3.0–4.0)

0.952 (0.853–1.064)

Conservative resection or biopsy (vs. other types of surgery) ^f

45 (8.9%)

2.995 (2.112–4.247)

Mediastinal lymph node dissection

461 (89.5%)

0.429 (0.307–0.599)

Histological type as small-cell lung cancer

16 (3.1%)

2.584 (1.477–4.521)

Maximal tumor size (cm)

3.0 (2.0–4.0)

1.175 (1.106–1.249)

 Highly differentiated

62 (11.0%)

1.000

 Moderately differentiated

315 (61.2%)

2.047 (1.257–3.332)

 Poorly differentiated

60 (11.7%)

3.671 (2.116–6.369)

 Undifferentiated

78 (15.1%)

2.420 (1.390–4.214)

Pathological TNM stage ^g

 I

201 (41.5%)

1.000

 II

100 (20.7%)

2.762 (1.879–4.060)

 III

140 (28.9%)

4.388 (3.118–6.176)

 IV

43 (8.9%)

6.781 (4.398–10.457)

Occurrence of postoperative complications ^h

370 (71.8%)

1.387 (1.043–1.845)

Postoperative chemo−/radiotherapy

283 (55.0%)

1.531(1.198–1.957)