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Table 3 Adjusted Primary and Secondary Outcomes

From: Association of intraoperative hyperglycemia and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a multicenter retrospective study

 

Primary Outcome: 30-Day Combined Morbidity and Mortality

Secondary Outcome: 30-Day Infectious Complications

Adjusted Odds Ratio

95% Confidence Interval

P-Value

Adjusted Odds Ratio

95% Confidence Interval

P-Value

Age

1.01

1.01, 1.02

< 0.001

1.01

1.00, 1.01

0.193

Female Sex

0.99

0.85, 1.16

0.903

1.01

0.85, 1.20

0.908

Race

 White (ref)

 American Indian or Alaska Native

0.48

0.10, 2.25

0.352

0.77

0.17, 3.57

0.736

 Asian

2.38

1.09, 5.22

0.030

1.59

0.65, 3.87

0.308

 Black or African American

0.76

0.61, 0.94

0.013

0.87

0.68, 1.11

0.253

 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

3.04

0.07, 130.47

0.563

4.70

0.14, 154.14

0.385

 Unknown

0.84

0.56, 1.27

0.402

0.93

0.59, 1.47

0.761

WHO BMI Classification

 Normal (ref)

 Underweight

1.16

0.68, 1.27

0.589

1.79

1.04, 3.10

0.036

 Overweight

0.96

0.77, 1.67

0.675

1.08

0.85, 1.39

0.525

 Obese

0.98

0.80, 1.19

0.868

1.04

0.82, 1.31

0.764

ASA Class

 2 (ref)

 1

< 0.001

< 0.001, > 999

0.972

< 0.001

< 0.001, > 999

0.977

 3

1.44

1.08, 1.91

0.012

1.29

0.95, 1.77

0.108

 4

2.41

1.75, 3.33

< 0.001

1.63

1.13, 2.33

0.008

Procedure Category

 General (ref)

 Endocrine

1.38

0.98, 1.93

0.066

1.38

0.95, 2.01

0.091

 GI (Upper or Colorectal)

1.94

1.53, 2.46

< 0.001

1.85

1.41, 2.41

< 0.001

 Hepatobiliary

0.67

0.48, 0.93

0.017

0.85

0.59, 1.23

0.394

 Vascular

0.62

0.48, 0.81

< 0.001

0.52

0.39, 0.70

< 0.001

Urgent/Emergent Case

1.90

1.61, 2.25

< 0.001

1.50

1.24, 1.81

< 0.001

Year 2013

1.19

0.98, 1.45

0.080

1.32

1.06, 1.66

0.015

Year 2014

1.02

0.84, 1.23

0.869

1.15

0.92, 1.43

0.230

Intraop Insulin Administered

1.20

0.96, 1.48

0.104

1.31

1.03, 1.67

0.027

Surgical Time (per minute)

1.004

1.003, 1.004

< 0.001

1.003

1.002, 1.003

< 0.001

Number of Comorbiditiesa

1.16

1.11, 1.22

< 0.001

1.21

1.15, 1.28

< 0.001

Blood Glucose > 180 mg/dl

1.05

0.86, 1.28

0.623

0.93

0.74, 1.16

0.502

  1. aComorbidities include diabetes, ventilator dependence, COPD, pneumonia, ascites, congestive heart failure, hypertension, history of peripheral vascular disease, currently requiring or on dialysis, disseminated cancer, open wound, use of steroids/immunosuppressive medications for chronic condition, > 10% loss of body weight in the 6 months prior to surgery, alcohol use > 2 drinks/day in the 2 weeks prior to surgery, presence of sleep apnea, cigarette use within 1 year, presence of sepsis or severe sepsis within 48 h prior to surgery, history of coronary artery disease, and history of deep vein thrombosis