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Table 2 Intra-Operative Characteristics of the Patients According to Subgroups

From: Intraoperative ventilator settings and their association with postoperative pulmonary complications in neurosurgical patients: post-hoc analysis of LAS VEGAS study

 

All Patients

Brain

Spine

p value

All patients

PPC

No PPC

p value

All patients

ARISCAT

< 26

ARISCAT

≥ 26

p value

n (%)

784 (100.0)

376 (48.0)

408 (52.0)

 

777 (100.0)

81 (10.4)

696 (89.6)

 

748 (100.0)

548 (73.3)

200 (26.7)

 

Ventilation and vital signs

Ventilatory mode, n (%)

   

0.000

   

0.376

   

0.452

 Volume controlled

494 (63.8)

259 (70.2)

235 (58.0)

 

488 (63.5)

50 (64.1)

438 (63.5)

 

467 (63.2)

341 (62.9)

126 (64.0)

 

 Pressure controlled

149 (19.3)

42 (11.4)

107 (26.4)

 

149 (19.4)

20 (25.6)

129 (18.7)

 

146 (19.8)

112 (20.7)

34 (17.3)

 

 Pressure support

3 (0.4)

2 (0.5)

1 (0.2)

 

3 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

3 (0.4)

 

3 (0.4)

1 (0.2)

2 (1.0)

 

 Spontaneous

64 (8.3)

21 (5.7)

43 (10.6)

 

64 (8.3)

4 (5.1)

60 (8.7)

 

60 (8.1)

42 (7.7)

18 (9.1)

 

 Other

64 (8.3)

45 (12.2)

19 (4.7)

 

64 (8.3)

4 (5.1)

60 (8.7)

 

63 (8.5)

46 (8.5)

17 (8.6)

 

VT, ml, median (IQR)

510 (475; 575)

511 (475; 584)

506 (471; 562)

0.183

510 (475; 575)

500 (458; 560)

513 (475; 575)

0.096

510 (475; 572)

506 (475; 565)

525 (480; 590)

0.142

VT, (ml/kg PBW), median (IQR)

8.0 (7.3; 9.0)

8.2 (7.3; 9.1)

8.0 (7.2; 8.9)

0.150

8.0 (7.3; 9.0)

7.7 (7.0; 8.8)

8.1 (7.3; 9.0)

0.060

8.0 (7.3; 9.0)

8.0 (7.3; 9.0)

8.0 (7.3; 9.1)

0.420

PPeak, cmH2O, median (IQR)

18 (15; 21)

18 (15; 21)

18 (16; 21)

0.225

18 (15; 21)

18 (16; 21)

18 (15; 21)

0.183

18 (15; 21)

18 (15; 21)

18 (16; 21)

0.061

PPlateau, cmH2O, median (IQR)

16 (14; 19)

16 (14; 19)

16 (14; 18)

0.201

16 (14; 19)

17 (14; 19)

16 (14; 19)

0.150

16 (14; 19)

16 (14; 18)

17 (15; 19)

0.012

PEEP, cmH2O, median (IQR)

5.0 (3.0; 5.0)

5.0 (4.0; 5.0)

5.0 (3.0; 5.0)

0.669

5.0 (3.0; 5.0)

5.0 (4.0; 5.0)

5.0 (3.0; 5.0)

0.225

5.0 (3.0; 5.0)

5.0 (3.0; 5.0)

5.0 (3.3; 5.0)

0.156

DP, cmH2O, median (IQR)

12 (11; 15)

13 (11; 15)

12 (10; 16)

0.585

12 (11; 15)

13 (11; 15)

12 (11; 15)

0.201

12 (11; 15)

12 (11; 15)

14 (11; 17)

0.009

RR, bpm, mean (SD)

12.0 (1.5)

12.1 (1.5)

12.0 (1.4)

0.237

12.0 (1.5)

12.1 (1.7)

12.0 (1.4)

0.669

12.0 (1.4)

12.1 (1.3)

11.9 (1.7)

0.188

FiO2, %, median (IQR)

50 (43; 65)

50 (40; 60)

50 (44; 68)

0.021

50 (43; 64)

50 (46; 65)

50 (42; 63)

0.585

50 (43; 65)

50 (43; 70)

50 (45; 60)

0.143

SpO2, %, median (IQR)

99 (98; 100)

99 (99; 100)

99 (98; 100)

0.169

99 (98; 100)

99 (98; 100)

99 (98; 100)

0.237

99 (98; 100)

99 (99; 100)

99 (98; 100)

0.069

ETCO2, mmHg, mean (SD)

33 (4)

32 (4)

33 (5)

0.001

33 (4)

33 (4)

33 (5)

0.554

33 (4)

33 (4)

33 (5)

0.549

MP, J/min, median (IQR)

6.6 (4.9; 9.2)

6.9 (5.0; 10.3)

6.2 (4.8; 7.8)

0.058

6.6 (4.9; 9.2)

6.1 (4.8; 10.5)

6.6 (4.9; 9.1)

0.856

6.6 (4.9; 9.3)

6.6 (4.9; 8.6)

6.7 (5.1; 10.8)

0.230

MAP, mmHg, mean (SD)

80 (12)

79 (12)

80 (13)

0.083

79 (12)

78 (11)

80 (13)

0.021

79 (12)

79 (12)

80 (13)

0.212

Heart rate, bpm, mean (SD)

71 (12)

69 (12)

72 (12)

0.004

71 (12)

68 (12)

71 (12)

0.169

70 (12)

71 (12)

70 (13)

0.355

RM, n (%)

54 (6.9)

29 (7.8)

25 (6.1)

0.365

54 (6.9)

29 (7.8)

25 (6.1)

0.365

51 (6.8)

36 (6.6)

15 (7.5)

0.664

Anesthesia characteristics

Opioids, n (%)

 No

2 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.5)

 

2 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.5)

 

90 (12.0)

65 (11.9)

25 (12.5)

 

 Yes

782 (99.7)

376 (100.0)

406 (99.5)

0.174

782 (99.7)

376 (100.0)

406 (99.5)

0.629

746 (99.7)

546 (99.6)

200 (100.0)

0.392

Opioids type, n (%)

   

0.000

   

0.055

   

0.836

 Short acting

221 (28.2)

137 (36.4)

84 (20.6)

 

220 (28.3)

20 (24.7)

200 (28.7)

 

2 (0.3)

2 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

 

 Long acting

466 (59.4)

189 (50.3)

277 (67.9)

 

460 (59.2)

43 (53.1)

417 (59.9)

 

212 (28.3)

154 (28.1)

58 (29.0)

 

Total fluids, ml, median (IQR)

1500 (1000; 2000)

1500 (1000; 2000)

1500 (1000; 2000)

0.022

1500 (1000; 2000)

1800 (1200; 2125)

1500 (1000; 2000)

0.001

1500 (1000; 2000)

1300 (1000; 2000)

2000 (1100; 3000)

0.000

 Cristalloids

1175 (1000; 2000)

1200 (1000; 2000)

1000 (1000; 1500)

0.012

1200 (1000; 2000)

1500 (1000; 2050)

1000 (1000; 2000)

0.000

1200 (1000; 2000)

1000 (1000; 1500)

1725 (1000; 2475)

0.000

 Colloids

0.0 (0.0; 500.0)

0.0 (0.0; 500.0)

0.0 (0.0; 500.0)

0.649

0.0 (0.0; 500.0)

0.0 (0.0; 500.0)

0.0 (0.0; 500.0)

0.719

0.0 (0.0; 500.0)

0.0 (0.0; 125.0)

0.0 (0.0; 500.0)

0.649

  1. P-value refers to the between-groups difference with Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact test, Mann Whitney u-test, or Kruskal Wallis test, as appropriate. N Number; IQR Interquartile range, SD Standard deviation, PPC Postoperative pulmonary complications, PBW Predicted body weight, VT Tidal volume, PPeak Peak pressure, PPlateau Plateau pressure, PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure, DP Driving pressure, RR Respiratory rate, FiO2 Fraction of inspired oxygen, SpO2 Blood oxygen saturation, ETCO2 End-tidal carbon dioxide, MP Mechanical power, MAP Mean arterial pressure, HR Heart rate, RM Recruitment maneuvers