| All Patients | Brain | Spine | p value | All patients | PPC | No PPC | p value | All patients | ARISCAT < 26 | ARISCAT ≥ 26 | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 784 (100.0) | 376 (48.0) | 408 (52.0) | Â | 777 (100.0) | 81 (10.4) | 696 (89.6) | Â | 748 (100.0) | 548 (73.3) | 200 (26.7) | Â |
Ventilation and vital signs | ||||||||||||
Ventilatory mode, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 | Â | Â | Â | 0.376 | Â | Â | Â | 0.452 |
 Volume controlled | 494 (63.8) | 259 (70.2) | 235 (58.0) |  | 488 (63.5) | 50 (64.1) | 438 (63.5) |  | 467 (63.2) | 341 (62.9) | 126 (64.0) |  |
 Pressure controlled | 149 (19.3) | 42 (11.4) | 107 (26.4) |  | 149 (19.4) | 20 (25.6) | 129 (18.7) |  | 146 (19.8) | 112 (20.7) | 34 (17.3) |  |
 Pressure support | 3 (0.4) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) |  | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.4) |  | 3 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (1.0) |  |
 Spontaneous | 64 (8.3) | 21 (5.7) | 43 (10.6) |  | 64 (8.3) | 4 (5.1) | 60 (8.7) |  | 60 (8.1) | 42 (7.7) | 18 (9.1) |  |
 Other | 64 (8.3) | 45 (12.2) | 19 (4.7) |  | 64 (8.3) | 4 (5.1) | 60 (8.7) |  | 63 (8.5) | 46 (8.5) | 17 (8.6) |  |
VT, ml, median (IQR) | 510 (475; 575) | 511 (475; 584) | 506 (471; 562) | 0.183 | 510 (475; 575) | 500 (458; 560) | 513 (475; 575) | 0.096 | 510 (475; 572) | 506 (475; 565) | 525 (480; 590) | 0.142 |
VT, (ml/kg PBW), median (IQR) | 8.0 (7.3; 9.0) | 8.2 (7.3; 9.1) | 8.0 (7.2; 8.9) | 0.150 | 8.0 (7.3; 9.0) | 7.7 (7.0; 8.8) | 8.1 (7.3; 9.0) | 0.060 | 8.0 (7.3; 9.0) | 8.0 (7.3; 9.0) | 8.0 (7.3; 9.1) | 0.420 |
PPeak, cmH2O, median (IQR) | 18 (15; 21) | 18 (15; 21) | 18 (16; 21) | 0.225 | 18 (15; 21) | 18 (16; 21) | 18 (15; 21) | 0.183 | 18 (15; 21) | 18 (15; 21) | 18 (16; 21) | 0.061 |
PPlateau, cmH2O, median (IQR) | 16 (14; 19) | 16 (14; 19) | 16 (14; 18) | 0.201 | 16 (14; 19) | 17 (14; 19) | 16 (14; 19) | 0.150 | 16 (14; 19) | 16 (14; 18) | 17 (15; 19) | 0.012 |
PEEP, cmH2O, median (IQR) | 5.0 (3.0; 5.0) | 5.0 (4.0; 5.0) | 5.0 (3.0; 5.0) | 0.669 | 5.0 (3.0; 5.0) | 5.0 (4.0; 5.0) | 5.0 (3.0; 5.0) | 0.225 | 5.0 (3.0; 5.0) | 5.0 (3.0; 5.0) | 5.0 (3.3; 5.0) | 0.156 |
DP, cmH2O, median (IQR) | 12 (11; 15) | 13 (11; 15) | 12 (10; 16) | 0.585 | 12 (11; 15) | 13 (11; 15) | 12 (11; 15) | 0.201 | 12 (11; 15) | 12 (11; 15) | 14 (11; 17) | 0.009 |
RR, bpm, mean (SD) | 12.0 (1.5) | 12.1 (1.5) | 12.0 (1.4) | 0.237 | 12.0 (1.5) | 12.1 (1.7) | 12.0 (1.4) | 0.669 | 12.0 (1.4) | 12.1 (1.3) | 11.9 (1.7) | 0.188 |
FiO2, %, median (IQR) | 50 (43; 65) | 50 (40; 60) | 50 (44; 68) | 0.021 | 50 (43; 64) | 50 (46; 65) | 50 (42; 63) | 0.585 | 50 (43; 65) | 50 (43; 70) | 50 (45; 60) | 0.143 |
SpO2, %, median (IQR) | 99 (98; 100) | 99 (99; 100) | 99 (98; 100) | 0.169 | 99 (98; 100) | 99 (98; 100) | 99 (98; 100) | 0.237 | 99 (98; 100) | 99 (99; 100) | 99 (98; 100) | 0.069 |
ETCO2, mmHg, mean (SD) | 33 (4) | 32 (4) | 33 (5) | 0.001 | 33 (4) | 33 (4) | 33 (5) | 0.554 | 33 (4) | 33 (4) | 33 (5) | 0.549 |
MP, J/min, median (IQR) | 6.6 (4.9; 9.2) | 6.9 (5.0; 10.3) | 6.2 (4.8; 7.8) | 0.058 | 6.6 (4.9; 9.2) | 6.1 (4.8; 10.5) | 6.6 (4.9; 9.1) | 0.856 | 6.6 (4.9; 9.3) | 6.6 (4.9; 8.6) | 6.7 (5.1; 10.8) | 0.230 |
MAP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 80 (12) | 79 (12) | 80 (13) | 0.083 | 79 (12) | 78 (11) | 80 (13) | 0.021 | 79 (12) | 79 (12) | 80 (13) | 0.212 |
Heart rate, bpm, mean (SD) | 71 (12) | 69 (12) | 72 (12) | 0.004 | 71 (12) | 68 (12) | 71 (12) | 0.169 | 70 (12) | 71 (12) | 70 (13) | 0.355 |
RM, n (%) | 54 (6.9) | 29 (7.8) | 25 (6.1) | 0.365 | 54 (6.9) | 29 (7.8) | 25 (6.1) | 0.365 | 51 (6.8) | 36 (6.6) | 15 (7.5) | 0.664 |
Anesthesia characteristics | ||||||||||||
Opioids, n (%) | ||||||||||||
 No | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) |  | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) |  | 90 (12.0) | 65 (11.9) | 25 (12.5) |  |
 Yes | 782 (99.7) | 376 (100.0) | 406 (99.5) | 0.174 | 782 (99.7) | 376 (100.0) | 406 (99.5) | 0.629 | 746 (99.7) | 546 (99.6) | 200 (100.0) | 0.392 |
Opioids type, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 | Â | Â | Â | 0.055 | Â | Â | Â | 0.836 |
 Short acting | 221 (28.2) | 137 (36.4) | 84 (20.6) |  | 220 (28.3) | 20 (24.7) | 200 (28.7) |  | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) |  |
 Long acting | 466 (59.4) | 189 (50.3) | 277 (67.9) |  | 460 (59.2) | 43 (53.1) | 417 (59.9) |  | 212 (28.3) | 154 (28.1) | 58 (29.0) |  |
Total fluids, ml, median (IQR) | 1500 (1000; 2000) | 1500 (1000; 2000) | 1500 (1000; 2000) | 0.022 | 1500 (1000; 2000) | 1800 (1200; 2125) | 1500 (1000; 2000) | 0.001 | 1500 (1000; 2000) | 1300 (1000; 2000) | 2000 (1100; 3000) | 0.000 |
 Cristalloids | 1175 (1000; 2000) | 1200 (1000; 2000) | 1000 (1000; 1500) | 0.012 | 1200 (1000; 2000) | 1500 (1000; 2050) | 1000 (1000; 2000) | 0.000 | 1200 (1000; 2000) | 1000 (1000; 1500) | 1725 (1000; 2475) | 0.000 |
 Colloids | 0.0 (0.0; 500.0) | 0.0 (0.0; 500.0) | 0.0 (0.0; 500.0) | 0.649 | 0.0 (0.0; 500.0) | 0.0 (0.0; 500.0) | 0.0 (0.0; 500.0) | 0.719 | 0.0 (0.0; 500.0) | 0.0 (0.0; 125.0) | 0.0 (0.0; 500.0) | 0.649 |