Table 4 Propensity score matching
Matching Criteria | Non-Frail (n = 135) | Pre-Frail (n = 135) | Frail (n = 135) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 75.0 [71.5;78.0] | 77.0 [74.0;82.0] | 77.0 [73.5;80.0] | < 0.001 |
Male | 70 (51.9%) | 64 (47.4%) | 65 (48.1%) | 0.736 |
BMI | 26.0 [23.1;29.1] | 26.2 [23.4;30.2] | 26.6 [23.0;30.3] | 0.725 |
ASA Score ≥ 3 | 90 (66.7%) | 105 (77.8%) | 102 (75.6%) | 0.092 |
ESC/ESA Surgical Risk | 0.221 | |||
High | 3 (2.2%) | 5 (3.7%) | 6 (4.4%) | |
Intermediate | 79 (58.5%) | 91 (67.4%) | 92 (68.1%) | |
Low | 53 (39.3%) | 39 (28.9%) | 37 (27.4%) | |
General anesthesia | 124 (91.9%) | 121 (89.6%) | 125 (92.6%) | 0.666 |
CCI | 3.0 [1.0;6.0] | 3.0 [1.0;6.0] | 4.0 [2.0;6.5] | 0.142 |
Surgical Discipline: | 0.235 | |||
Orthopedic | 48 (35.6%) | 65 (48.1%) | 62 (45.9%) | |
Urology | 33 (24.4%) | 27 (20.0%) | 22 (16.3%) | |
Otorhinolaryngology | 12 (8.9%) | 15 (11.1%) | 21 (15.6%) | |
General/Visceral | 26 (19.3%) | 18 (13.3%) | 22 (16.3%) | |
Gynecology | 10 (7.4%) | 8 (5.9%) | 5 (3.7%) | |
Others | 6 (4.4%) | 2 (1.5%) | 3 (2.2%) | |
Smoking-Status: | 0.641 | |||
Yes, active | 21 (15.7%) | 15 (11.4%) | 22 (16.4%) | |
No, quit | 54 (40.3%) | 49 (37.1%) | 48 (35.8%) | |
No, never | 59 (44.0%) | 68 (51.5%) | 64 (47.8%) | |
Polypharmacy (> 5 drugs) | 66 (49.3%) | 88 (66.2%) | 111 (83.5%) | < 0.001 |
Preop Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.93 [0.79;1.16] | 0.96 [0.78;1.16] | 0.94 [0.79;1.23] | 0.663 |
GFR (MDRD) | 74.7 [59.1;86.3] | 69.8 [53.7;81.5] | 68.8 [50.8;87.7] | 0.302 |
Pre-existing Conditions: | ||||
CAD | 33 (24.4%) | 36 (26.7%) | 37 (27.4%) | 0.847 |
PAD | 22 (16.3%) | 26 (19.3%) | 28 (20.7%) | 0.635 |
Diabetes mellitus | 33 (24.4%) | 40 (29.6%) | 43 (31.9%) | 0.385 |
Liver Disease | 8 (5.9%) | 8 (5.9%) | 13 (9.6%) | 0.395 |
Tumor | 64 (47.4%) | 57 (42.2%) | 53 (39.3%) | 0.392 |
Cardiac Failure | 18 (13.3%) | 37 (27.4%) | 40 (29.6%) | 0.003 |
Cerebrovascular Accident | 10 (7.4%) | 17 (12.6%) | 18 (13.3%) | 0.241 |
Asthma/COPD | 45 (33.3%) | 49 (36.3%) | 48 (35.6%) | 0.869 |
Complications (Total) | 36 (26.7%) | 55 (40.7%) | 64 (47.4%) | 0.002 |
Length of Stay (days) | 5.0 [3.0;8.0] | 8.0 [3.0;10.5] | 8.0 [4.5;12.0] | < 0.001 |
Discharge to Care Facility | 2 (1.48%) | 15 (11.1%) | 24 (17.8%) | < 0.001 |