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Table 2 Descriptive information about procedures and outcomes

From: Retroclavicular vs Infraclavicular block for brachial plexus anesthesia: a multi-centric randomized trial

 

RCB

ICB

p-value

Performance time

4.8 ± 2.0 min

5.2 ± 2.3 min

p = 0.0608

Imaging time

35 ± 42 s

41 ± 52 s

p = 0.725

Needle time

4.2 ± 1.7 min

4.5 ± 2.2 min

p = 0.702

Total anesthesia time

n = 51

n = 51

 

27.3 ± 8.0 min

26.4 ± 8.3 min

p = 0.4331

Number of needle passes

1.1 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.7

p = 0.909

Neurostimulation use

37/53 (67.9%)

38/56 (69.8%)

p = 0.826

Needle angle

7.8 ± 6.4°

32.3 ± 10.3°

p < 0.001

Procedural pain

2.9/10 ± 1.6

2.9/10 ± 1.9

p = 1

Needle visualization

n = 51

n = 55

 

Likert evaluation time 1

3.49/5 ± 1.044

2.84/5 ± 0.9

p < 0.001

Likert evaluation time 2

4.47/5 ± 0.66

3.09/5 ± 1.05

p < 0.001

Person performing the block

Residents

n = 41 (77.4%)

n = 43 (76.8%)

p = 1

Staff anesthesiologist

n = 12 (22.6%)

n = 13 (23.2%)

p = 0.818

Sensory loss at 10 min

5.6/10 ± 2.38

5.59/10 ± 2.55

p = 0.706

Sensory loss at 20 min

8.55/10 ± 2.05

8.45/10 ± 2.02

p = 0.587

Sensory loss at 30 min

9.43/10 ± 1.58

9.38/10 ± 1.80

p = 0.121

Ready for surgery at 10 min

n = 8 (15.1%)

n = 9 (16.1%)

p = 0.888

Ready for surgery at 20 min

n = 33 (62.3%)

n = 37 (66.1%)

p = 0.679

Ready for surgery at 30 min

n = 49 (87.5%)

n = 49 (92.5%)

p = 0.391

Motor block at 10 min

4.49/8 ± 1.77

4.25/8 ± 2.12

p = 0.750

Motor block at 20 min

6.70/8 ± 1.76

6.57/8 ± 1.99

p = 0.462

Motor block at 30 min

7.47/8 ± 1.50

7.13/8 ± 2.01

p = 0.112

Success of plexus block

50/53 (94.3%)

51/56 (91.1%)

p = 0.717

Sedation during surgery

n = 14

n = 23

p = 0.106

Rescue

n = 5

n = 7

p = 0.609

Local anesthesia

n = 2 (3.8%)

n = 3 (5.4%)

p = 1

Axillar block

n = 0

n = 3 (5.4%)

p = 0.244

Other block

n = 2 (3.8%)

n = 1 (1.8%)

p = 0.611

General anesthesia

n = 1 (1.9%)

n = 0

p = 0.486

Duration of surgery

49 ± 28 min

55 ± 29 min

p = 0.230

Immediate complications

Paresthesia

n = 3 (5.7%)

n = 1 (1.8%)

p = 0.354

Arterial puncture

n = 1 (1.9%)

n = 4 (7.1%)

p = 0.364

Horner’s

n = 1 (1.9%)

n = 1 (1.8%)

p = 1

Late complications

Pain at injection site

n = 2 (3.8%)

n = 4 (7.1%)

p = 0.679

  1. Data are given as number (%) or mean ± SD. RCB indicates retroclavicular block; ICB, infraclavicular block; p-values in bold represent significant differences between RCB and ICB method