RCB | ICB | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Performance time | 4.8 ± 2.0 min | 5.2 ± 2.3 min | p = 0.0608 |
Imaging time | 35 ± 42 s | 41 ± 52 s | p = 0.725 |
Needle time | 4.2 ± 1.7 min | 4.5 ± 2.2 min | p = 0.702 |
Total anesthesia time | n = 51 | n = 51 | |
27.3 ± 8.0 min | 26.4 ± 8.3 min | p = 0.4331 | |
Number of needle passes | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | p = 0.909 |
Neurostimulation use | 37/53 (67.9%) | 38/56 (69.8%) | p = 0.826 |
Needle angle | 7.8 ± 6.4° | 32.3 ± 10.3° | p < 0.001 |
Procedural pain | 2.9/10 ± 1.6 | 2.9/10 ± 1.9 | p = 1 |
Needle visualization | n = 51 | n = 55 | |
Likert evaluation time 1 | 3.49/5 ± 1.044 | 2.84/5 ± 0.9 | p < 0.001 |
Likert evaluation time 2 | 4.47/5 ± 0.66 | 3.09/5 ± 1.05 | p < 0.001 |
Person performing the block | |||
Residents | n = 41 (77.4%) | n = 43 (76.8%) | p = 1 |
Staff anesthesiologist | n = 12 (22.6%) | n = 13 (23.2%) | p = 0.818 |
Sensory loss at 10 min | 5.6/10 ± 2.38 | 5.59/10 ± 2.55 | p = 0.706 |
Sensory loss at 20 min | 8.55/10 ± 2.05 | 8.45/10 ± 2.02 | p = 0.587 |
Sensory loss at 30 min | 9.43/10 ± 1.58 | 9.38/10 ± 1.80 | p = 0.121 |
Ready for surgery at 10 min | n = 8 (15.1%) | n = 9 (16.1%) | p = 0.888 |
Ready for surgery at 20 min | n = 33 (62.3%) | n = 37 (66.1%) | p = 0.679 |
Ready for surgery at 30 min | n = 49 (87.5%) | n = 49 (92.5%) | p = 0.391 |
Motor block at 10 min | 4.49/8 ± 1.77 | 4.25/8 ± 2.12 | p = 0.750 |
Motor block at 20 min | 6.70/8 ± 1.76 | 6.57/8 ± 1.99 | p = 0.462 |
Motor block at 30 min | 7.47/8 ± 1.50 | 7.13/8 ± 2.01 | p = 0.112 |
Success of plexus block | 50/53 (94.3%) | 51/56 (91.1%) | p = 0.717 |
Sedation during surgery | n = 14 | n = 23 | p = 0.106 |
Rescue | n = 5 | n = 7 | p = 0.609 |
Local anesthesia | n = 2 (3.8%) | n = 3 (5.4%) | p = 1 |
Axillar block | n = 0 | n = 3 (5.4%) | p = 0.244 |
Other block | n = 2 (3.8%) | n = 1 (1.8%) | p = 0.611 |
General anesthesia | n = 1 (1.9%) | n = 0 | p = 0.486 |
Duration of surgery | 49 ± 28 min | 55 ± 29 min | p = 0.230 |
Immediate complications | |||
Paresthesia | n = 3 (5.7%) | n = 1 (1.8%) | p = 0.354 |
Arterial puncture | n = 1 (1.9%) | n = 4 (7.1%) | p = 0.364 |
Horner’s | n = 1 (1.9%) | n = 1 (1.8%) | p = 1 |
Late complications | |||
Pain at injection site | n = 2 (3.8%) | n = 4 (7.1%) | p = 0.679 |