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Table 1 Clinical and surgical characteristics of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement and receiving Saline or Glucose-Insulin Potassium (GIK) infusion

From: Glucose-insulin-potassium improves left ventricular performances after aortic valve replacement: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Characteristics

Placebo

GIK

P value

(N = 54)

(N = 38)

Demographics

 Age, yearsa

73.2

(9.6)

71.7

(9.8)

0.464b

 Body Mass indexa

29.5

(6.1)

27.7

(4.5)

0.128b

 Sex, male

33

(61.1)

20

(52.6)

0.418

Comorbidities

 Bernstein-Parsonnet scorea

21.8

(7.5)

20.8

(8.3)

0.547b

 Hypertension

47

(87.0)

37

(97.4)

0.083

 Pulmonary Hypertension

2

(3.7)

3

(7.9)

0.645c

 Hypercholesterolemia

37

(68.5)

29

(76.3)

0.413

 Diabetes mellitus

17

(31.5)

13

(34.2)

0.783

 Vascular disease

23

(42.6)

15

(39.5)

0.765

 Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease

6

(11.1)

2

(5.3)

0.463c

 Previous cardiac surgery

3

(5.6)

1

(2.6)

0.640c

Preoperative blood parameters

 Hemoglobin, g/dLa

12.5

(2.1)

12.4

(2.0)

0.747b

 Creatinine clearance, ml/min a

81.1

(34.6)

75.4

(30.0)

0.418b

Surgical data

 CPB time, mina

97.1

(37.5)

102.2

(47.8)

0.564b

 Aortic clamping time, mina

74.3

(29.0)

76.5

(32.0)

0.730b

Intraoperative fluids and blood

 Crystalloids and colloids, mla

3′213

(1214)

2′897

(850)

0.170b

 Blood transfusion

31

(57.4)

26

(68.4)

0.284

 Fresh frozen plasma

12

(22.2)

9

(23.7)

0.869

 Platelets

8

(14.8)

4

(10.5)

0.362

Blood glucose (mMol/L)

 Start of surgerya

6.7

(1.5)

6.7

(1.6)

0.980b

 Before bypassa

7.4

(1.6)

7.6

(2.9)

0.621b

 During Bypassa

7.4

(1.7)

7.1

(2.5)

0.556b

 End of surgerya

7.6

(1.9)

6.8

(2.1)

0.158b

  1. Data given as number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated. Chi-squared tests were used for statistical tests unless otherwise indicated. a Data given as mean (standard deviation); b student t test. c Fisher exact test
  2. AVR aortic valve replacement, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, CPB cardiopulmonary bypass