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Table 1 Preoperative variables

From: Preoperative hypoalbuminemia was associated with acute kidney injury in high-risk patients following non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study

 

Total (n = 729)

Without postoperative AKI (n = 541)

With postoperative AKI (n = 188)

P value

Preoperative albumin ≥37.5 g/La (n = 456)

Preoperative albumin < 37.5 g/La (n = 273)

P value

Age (y)

67 ± 16

66 ± 16

71 ± 14

< 0.001

66 ± 15

69 ± 14

0.056

Male sex

432 (59.3%)

318 (58.8%)

114 (60.6%)

0.655

276 (60.5%)

156 (57.1%)

0.368

BMI (kg/m2)

24.1 ± 4.5

24.0 ± 4.6

24.6 ± 4.4

0.139

24.7 ± 4.3

23.2 ± 4.7

< 0.001

Preoperative comorbidities

 Diabetes mellitus

194 (26.6%)

136 (25.1%)

58 (30.9%)

0.127

123 (27.0%)

71 (26.0%)

0.775

 Hypertension

399 (54.7%)

287 (53.0%)

112 (59.6%)

0.122

260 (57.0%)

139 (50.9%)

0.109

 Coronary heart disease

195 (26.7%)

138 (25.5%)

57 (30.3%)

0.199

130 (28.5%)

65 (23.8%)

0.165

 Congestive heart failure

23 (3.2%)

14 (2.6%)

9 (4.8%)

0.133

13 (2.9%)

10 (3.7%)

0.544

 Cerebrovascular disease

140 (19.2%)

99 (18.3%)

41 (21.8%)

0.293

94 (20.6%)

46 (16.8%)

0.212

 Chronic kidney disease

23 (3.2%)

9 (1.7%)

14 (7.4%)

< 0.001

8 (1.8%)

15 (5.5%)

0.005

 Lung disease b

68 (9.3%)

51 (9.4%)

17 (9.0%)

0.876

41 (9.0%)

27 (9.9%)

0.686

 Liver disease c

20 (2.7%)

16 (3.0%)

4 (2.1%)

0.548

10 (2.2%)

10 (3.7%)

0.240

 Malignant neoplasm

474 (65.0%)

349 (64.5%)

125 (66.5%)

0.624

247 (65.1%)

177 (64.8%)

0.935

 Peripheral vascular disease

37 (5.1%)

24 (4.4%)

13 (6.9%)

0.182

21 (4.6%)

16 (5.9%)

0.455

ASA classification

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 I

12 (1.6%)

12 (2.2%)

0 (0.0%)

 

7 (1.5%)

5 (1.8%)

 

 II

275 (37.7%)

224 (41.4%)

51 (27.1%)

 

202 (44.3%)

73 (26.7%)

 

 III

404 (55.4%)

284 (52.5%)

120 (63.8%)

 

238 (52.2%)

166 (60.8%)

 

 IV

38 (5.2%)

21 (3.9%)

17 (9.0%)

 

9 (2.0%)

29 (10.6%)

 

Preoperative Hb (g/L) d

124 ± 23

125 ± 22

119 ± 26

0.007

133 ± 18

108 ± 23

< 0.001

Preoperative albumin (g/L) d

38.6 ± 6.2

39.3 ± 6.0

36.7 ± 6.3

< 0.001

42.5 ± 3.0

32.1 ± 4.2

< 0.001

Preoperative albumin < 37.5 g/L

273 (37.4%)

175 (32.3%)

98 (52.1%)

< 0.001

__

__

__

Baseline serum creatinine (umol/L) e

80.4 ± 26.3

78.2 ± 22.2

86.7 ± 35.1

0.002

81.5 ± 23.6

78.5 ± 30.4

0.163

Preoperative BNP (pg/ml) f

98 (43, 190)

84 (38, 166)

126 (61, 220)

0.001

66 (31, 133)

140 (72, 257)

< 0.001

Radiocontrast exposure g

76 (10.4%)

48 (8.9%)

28 (14.9%)

0.020

44 (9.6%)

32 (11.7%)

0.375

On ACEI/ARB

62 (8.5%)

48 (8.9%)

14 (7.4%)

0.546

38 (8.3%)

24 (8.8%)

0.830

Smoking habit h

136 (18.7%)

108 (20.0%)

28 (14.9%)

0.124

94 (20.6%)

42 (15.4%)

0.079

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or number of patients (percentage) and compared by independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test or chi-squared test/Fisher’s exact test respectively
  2. ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, BMI body mass index, BNP B-type natriuretic peptide, cTNI cardio-troponin, Hb hemoglobin
  3. aThe cutoff value of preoperative albumin for postoperative AKI was determined by the Youden index of the ROC curve [see Additional file 3: Figure S1]
  4. bIncluding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis
  5. cIncluding any kind of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis
  6. dMeasured within 3 days before surgery
  7. eDetermined by the minimal value of serum creatinine measured within 3 months before admission and in hospital before surgery; if neither value was available, the modification of diet in renal disease formula was adopted to estimate the baseline serum creatinine according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guideline
  8. fMeasured in 366 patients before surgery
  9. gIncluding patients who had radiocontrast exposure within 7 days before surgery
  10. hSmoking for more than 10 cigarettes per day for more than 1 year, including current or past smokers
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BMC Anesthesiology

ISSN: 1471-2253

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