Multimodal analgesia with ropivacaine wound infiltration and intravenous flurbiprofen axetil provides enhanced analgesic effects after radical thyroidectomy: a randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Average numerical rating scale (NRS) pain scores during the first 48 h postoperatively

	Group M (n = 20)	Group C (n = 20)	Statistics	P
During the first 24 h postoperatively
At rest	0.614 ± 0.620	1.236 ± 0.777	2.795^a	0.008*
During coughing or swallowing	1.143 ± 0.834	2.107 ± 1.057	3.203^a	0.003*
During the first 24–48 h postoperatively
At rest	0.000	0.500		0.662
During coughing or swallowing	1.225 ± 1.186	1.600 ± 0.968	1.095^a	0.280
Average scores under both conditions within 48 h postoperatively	0.863 ± 0.647	1.575 ± 0.794	3.112^a	0.004*

Data are presented as mean ± SD or median. Group M, multimodal analgesia group who received ropivacaine locally plus intravenous flurbiprofen axetil; Group C, control group who received a single dose of tramadol. ^a, t value; *, P < 0.05

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