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Table 3 Univariate analysis of procedural parameters (surgery-related and anesthesia-related) of patients with and without PPCs

From: Epidural analgesia and avoidance of blood transfusion are associated with reduced mortality in patients with postoperative pulmonary complications following thoracotomic esophagectomy: a retrospective cohort study of 335 patients

 

No PPC (n = 157)

PPC (n = 178)

P Value

Procedural parameters

 Surgery-related

  Surgical approach (n)

   Transhiatal

10 (6)

16 (9)

0.42

   Thoracoabdominal

148 (94)

161 (91)

 

  Reconstruction (n)

   Gastric tube

154 (98)

167 (94)

0.18

   Colon interposition

4 (2)

10 (6)

 

   Duration of surgery (hours)

7 (6–8.3)

7.1 (6.2–8.5)

0.19

   Blood loss (ml)

600 (300–1000)

750 (500–1000)

0.12

 Anesthesia-related

  Norepinephrine (μg/kg/min)

0.03 (0–0.06)

0.02 (0–0.07)

0.9

  Crystalloids (ml)

1100 (880–1924)

1404 (1008–2071)

0.007

  Colloids (ml)

752 (73–1000)

710 (263–1035)

0.7

  Colloids (n)

141 (90)

158 (89)

1

  FFP (n)

19 (12)

21 (12)

1

  PRBC (n)

44 (28)

78 (44)

0.002

  TEA (n)

142 (90)

144 (81)

0.019

  TIVA / Gas (n)

49 (31) / 108 (69)

45 (25)/ 132 (74)

0.27

  Hospital stay (days)

17 (15–23)

30 (20–50)

<  0.001

  Extubation on ICU

110 (70)

141 (79)

0.5

  Pleural effusion

0

104 (58)

<  0.001

  Chylothorax

0

23 (13)

<  0.001

  ICU stay (days)

6 (5–8)

12 (7–26)

<  0.001

  1. Data are presented as number of patients (percentage) or median (interquartile range)
  2. FFP Fresh frozen plasma, PRBC Packed red blood cell, TEA Thoracic epidural anesthesia, TIVA Total intravenous anesthesia, ICU Intensive care unit, PPCs Postoperative pulmonary complications