Effects of a metabolic optimized fast track concept (MOFA) on bowel function and recovery after surgery in patients undergoing elective colon or liver resection: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Postoperative intestinal function

	Control group	MOFA group	P value
First bowel movement [h]	74.5 ± 30.4 [38]	66.4 ± 29.2 [43]	0.163
First discharge of gas [h]	46.6 ± 25.7 [36]	32.1 ± 17.9 [43]	0.030
Bowel sounds [h]	40.8 ± 14.6 [40]	34.4 ± 14.1 [44]	0.042
Onset of enteral nutrition [days]	0.0 (0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 5.0) [42]	0.0 (0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 3.0) [43]	0.252
Bowel stimulation^a [days of onset]	2.0 (0.0, 0.0, 3.0, 6.0) [39]	2.0 (0.0, 0.0, 3.0, 5.0) [43]	0.703
Bowel stimulation^a [n]	20 (51.3) [39]	22 (51.2) [43]	1.000

Values are given as mean ± standard deviation, median (minimum, 25% percentile, 75% percentile, maximum) or absolute number (percentage) as appropriate. Number of analyzed patients can be found in brackets. Statistical significance was considered to be at two-sided p < 0.05. Differences between groups were tested using log rank test and cox regression. Frequencies were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact test or Chi square test, as appropriate. MOFA Metabolic optimized fast track concept, ^a: bowel stimulation includes pharmacological and osmotic/mechanical stimulation

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