Table 1 EIT derived monitoring tools and corresponding clinical implications. In the table are synthetized the EIT derived tools and the corresponding clinical implication in the different settings (preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, non-operative room anesthesia) of surgical patient’s care
Monitoring tools | Clinical implication |
|---|---|
Pre-operative | |
Test bronchodilator reversibility in asthma patients (Frerichs, 2016) | Help pharmacological management |
Identifying patients at higher risk of expiratory airflow limitation (Vogt, 2016) | Risk stratification, MV management |
FRC reduction during induction (Humphreys, 2011) | Choice of pre-oxygenation strategies |
Intraoperative use for ventilatory setting | |
Mechanical proprieties of non-dependent and dependent lung regions (Pereira, 2018) | Choice of Positive end-expiratory pressure Prevention of postoperative atelectasis |
Silent spaces (Spadaro, 2018) | Choice of Positive end-expiratory pressure |
Regional ventilation delay index (Nestler, 2017) | Choice of Positive end-expiratory pressure Response to recruitment maneuvers |
End Expiratory Lung Impedance (Erlandsson, 2006) | FRC estimation Choice of Positive end-expiratory pressure |
Left and right lung ventilation distribution (Steinmann, 2008) | Confirm the correct position of a double lumen tube |
Intraoperative use for hemodynamic monitoring | |
Dynamic changing in stroke volume (Vonk-Noordegraaf, 2000) | Fluids responsiveness assessment Pharmacological management |
Cyclic impedance changes in the descending aorta (Maish, 2011) | Stroke volume variation assessment |
Peri-extubation and postoperative | |
Postoperative atelectasis (Pereira, 2018) | Indication for postoperative non-invasive ventilation Identifying the need for early mobilization |
Distribution of ventilation after endotracheal suctioning (Heinze, 2011) | Efficacy of endotracheal suctioning |
Changes in regional expiratory time constant (τ) (de La Oliva, 2017) | Early identification of bronchospasm Pharmacological management |
Non-operative room anesthesia | |
Real-time assessment of pulmonary vasodilators effects (Frerichs, 2016) | Pharmacological management of patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension |
Identifying the site of “blind” broncho-alveolar lavage (Grieco, 2016) | Detect with precision the site of lung sampling |
Out-of-phase changes in the impedance during tidal breathing (Bläser, 2014) | Pleural effusion assessment |