Table 1 Baseline and intraoperative characteristics of study patients stratified by preoperative eGFR
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 60 | 60–74 | 75–89 | 90–104 | ≥ 105 | ||
N | 185 | 408 | 632 | 717 | 266 | |
Baseline characteristics | ||||||
Male gender (n) | 85 (45.9) | 245 (60.0) | 399 (63.1) | 423 (59.0) | 154 (57.9) | 0.001 |
Age (yr) | 68.8 ± 8.2 | 66.2 ± 9.4 | 63.8 ± 10.6 | 57.7 ± 10.2 | 41.4 ± 11.1 | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.2 | 24.3 ± 3.3 | 24.3 ± 3.2 | 24.2 ± 3.3 | 22.9 ± 3.9 | < 0.001 |
EuroSCORE (logistic) | 9.6 ± 10.1 | 6.6 ± 6.9 | 6.0 ± 6.7 | 4.6 ± 5.3 | 5.6 ± 7.9 | < 0.001 |
Hematocrit (%) | 36.3 ± 5.9 | 38.3 ± 5.0 | 39.0 ± 4.9 | 39.1 ± 4.6 | 39.0 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
Bilirubin, total (mg/dL) | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.802 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 0.002 |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 7.0 ± 2.0 | 6.2 ± 1.7 | 5.6 ± 1.7 | 5.2 ± 1.5 | 5.0 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 2.4 | 0.5 ± 1.3 | 0.6 ± 1.4 | 0.5 ± 1.3 | 1.1 ± 2.7 | 0.209 |
Left ventricle ejection fraction (%) | 55.2 ± 11.4 | 57.0 ± 10.7 | 58.1 ± 10.5 | 59.3 ± 9.9 | 58.7 ± 10.1 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 62 (33.5) | 111 (27.2) | 138 (21.8) | 150 (20.9) | 22 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 119 (64.3) | 243 (59.6) | 331 (52.4) | 306 (42.7) | 58 (21.8) | < 0.001 |
Congestive heart failure | 18 (9.7) | 36 (8.8) | 47 (7.4) | 48 (6.7) | 13 (4.9) | 0.225 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 29 (15.7) | 47 (11.5) | 47 (7.4) | 52 (7.3) | 13 (4.9) | < 0.001 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 21 (11.4) | 48 (11.8) | 50 (7.9) | 54 (7.5) | 43 (16.2) | < 0.001 |
Liver disease | 10 (5.4) | 17 (4.2) | 28 (4.4) | 40 (5.6) | 10(3.8) | 0.683 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8 (4.3) | 21 (5.1) | 28 (4.4) | 24 (3.3) | 9 (3.4) | 0.604 |
Dyslipidemia | 147 (79.5) | 333 (81.6) | 510 (80.7) | 581 (81.0) | 180 (67.7) | < 0.001 |
Smoker, current | 19 (10.3) | 60 (14.7) | 86 (13.6) | 149 (20.8) | 67 (25.2) | < 0.001 |
ACEI or ARB | 120 (64.9) | 219 (53.7) | 283 (44.8) | 305 (42.5) | 93 (35.0) | < 0.001 |
β-blocker | 97 (52.4) | 208 (51.0) | 295 (46.7) | 278 (38.8) | 96 (36.1) | < 0.001 |
Calcium channel blocker | 100 (54.1) | 200 (49.0) | 304 (48.1) | 286 (39.9) | 76 (28.6) | < 0.001 |
Diuretics | 111 (60.0) | 210 (51.5) | 276 (43.7) | 255 (35.6) | 86 (32.3) | < 0.001 |
Insulin | 25 (13.5) | 33 (8.1) | 47 (7.4) | 50 (7.0) | 12 (4.5) | 0.009 |
Oral hypoglycemic agent | 48 (25.9) | 92 (22.5) | 117 (18.5) | 116 (16.2) | 18 (6.8) | < 0.001 |
Aspirin | 84 (45.4) | 194 (47.5) | 280 (44.3) | 271 (37.8) | 58 (21.8) | < 0.001 |
Clopidogrel | 48 (25.9) | 109 (26.7) | 162 (25.6) | 160 (22.3) | 24 (9.0) | < 0.001 |
Statins | 107 (57.8) | 241 (59.1) | 326 (51.6) | 347 (48.4) | 69 (25.9) | < 0.001 |
Intraoperative data | ||||||
Type of surgery | ||||||
Coronary artery bypass grafting | 36 (19.5) | 114 (27.9) | 184 (29.1) | 196 (27.3) | 37 (13.9) | < 0.001 |
Valve | 86 (46.5) | 181 (44.4) | 291 (46.0) | 347 (48.4) | 134 (50.4) | 0.531 |
Aorta | 12 (6.5) | 23 (5.6) | 28 (4.4) | 37 (5.2) | 32 (12.0) | < 0.001 |
Combined | 51 (27.6) | 90 (22.1) | 129 (20.4) | 137 (19.1) | 63 (23.7) | 0.102 |
Off-pump surgery | 25 (13.5) | 85 (20.8) | 146 (23.1) | 149 (20.8) | 31 (11.7) | < 0.001 |
Operation time (min) | 327.3 ± 110.9 | 311.5 ± 101.4 | 311.4 ± 100.2 | 300.9 ± 94.2 | 316.6 ± 116.7 | 0.065 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min) | 133.7 ± 84.9 | 114.8 ± 80.0 | 115.7 ± 84.8 | 114.7 ± 81.0 | 136.6 ± 81.0 | 0.575 |
Total crystalloid (L) | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 0.058 |
Total colloid (L) | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.093 |
Packed red blood cell (unit) | 1.4 ± 2.3 | 1.2 ± 1.8 | 1.2 ± 2.1 | 0.7 ± 1.4 | 1.1 ± 2.4 | < 0.001 |
Fresh frozen plasma (unit) | 1.3 ± 2.1 | 1.1 ± 2.1 | 1.1 ± 2.2 | 0.8 ± 1.8 | 1.5 ± 3.2 | 0.528 |
Use of platelet concentrate | 66 (35.7) | 113 (27.7) | 177 (28.0) | 139 (19.4) | 86 (32.3) | < 0.001 |
Use of cryoprecipitate | 22 (11.9) | 46 (11.3) | 70 (11.1) | 56 (7.8) | 38 (14.3) | 0.034 |