Table 1 Patients’ demographic data and clinical characteristics
Variable | All Patients (n = 23) | Non-Survivors (n = 10) | Survivors (n = 13) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 57 (19) | 55 (7) | 58 (20) | 0.250 |
Male sex, n (%) | 19 (82.6) | 7 (70) | 12 (92.3) | 0.281 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 4 (17.4) | 1 (10) | 3 (23.1) | 0.604 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 15 (65.2) | 5 (50) | 10 (76.9) | 0.221 |
Duration of ECMO support (days) | 5 (5) | 7 (11) | 4 (1) | 0.483 |
Duration of ICU stay (days) | 11 (10) | 8 (11) | 17 (38) | 0.020 |
Mechanical ventilation (days) | 8 (8) | 8 (11) | 8 (8) | 0.454 |
IABP, n (%) | 18 (78.3) | 8 (80) | 10 (76.9) | 1.000 |
Myocardial failure during operation | 10 (55.6) | 6 (75) | 4 (40) | 0.188 |
Cardiogenic shock | 8 (44.4) | 2 (25) | 6 (60) | 0.188 |
Indication for ECMO, n (%) | 0.119 | |||
Postcardiotomy | 12 (52.2) | 5 (50) | 7 (53.8) | |
Myocarditis | 1 (4.3) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | |
Acute myocardial infarction | 6 (26.1) | 1 (10) | 5 (38.5) | |
Heart transplantation | 1 (4.3) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | |
Profound shock with desaturation | 2 (8.7) | 2 (20) | 0 (0) | |
VT with cardiogenic shock | 1 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (7.7) | |
Complication of ECMO, n (%) | ||||
Lower extremity ischemia | 2 (8.7) | 1 (10) | 1 (7.7) | 1.000 |
Stroke | 1 (4.3) | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | 0.435 |
Coma or brain hypoxia | 4 (17.4) | 4 (40) | 0 (0) | 0.024 |
Significant bleeding | 8 (34.8) | 4 (40) | 4 (30.8) | 0.685 |
Rethoractomy for bleeding | 5 (21.7) | 2 (20) | 3 (23.1) | 1.000 |
Vasopressor/inotrope on ECMO 1st day | ||||
Dopamine (μg/kg/min) | 0.0 (9.5) | 0.0 (4.7) | 0.0 (10.7) | 0.538 |
Norepinephrine (μg/kg/min) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.324 |
Dobutamine (μg/kg/min) | 0.0 (6.3) | 5.0 (5.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.032 |
Epinephrine (μg/kg/min) | 0.1 (0.4) | 0.4 (0.4) | 0.0 (0.2) | 0.027 |
Biochemistry data on ECMO 1st day | ||||
MAP (mmHg) | 58 (19) | 55 (21) | 59 (14) | 0.306 |
Diuresis (ml/kg/hr) | 0.9 (1.1) | 1.2 (1.0) | 0.9 (1.0) | 0.495 |
SCr (mg/dL) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.9) | 0.321 |
WBC count (cu/mm) × 1000 | 16.0 (17.8) | 16.9 (12.3) | 15.7 (17.8) | 0.756 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.2 (1.5) | 9.1 (1.1) | 9.4 (2.0) | 0.710 |
Platelets (× 109/L) | 9.7 (8.6) | 9.0 (7.9) | 10.2 (10.9) | 0.535 |
Sodium (mEq/L) | 143 (18) | 147 (20) | 143 (11) | 0.456 |
Potassium (mEq/L) | 3.2 (1.8) | 3.2 (2.0) | 3.6 (1.5) | 0.926 |
Albumin (g/L) | 2.7 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.2) | 2.7 (1.1) | 1.000 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 79.4 (48.9) | 83.2 (75.2) | 75.3 (15.2) | 0.710 |
PaO2/FiO2 | 384 (235) | 187 (411) | 395 (99) | 0.193 |
AaDO2 | 237 (163) | 388 (382) | 235 (87) | 0.172 |
APACHE II score | 23 (10) | 26 (10) | 23 (8) | 0.153 |
SOFA score | 10 (5) | 11 (5) | 9 (2) | 0.026 |
Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 18 (78.3) | 8 (80) | 10 (76.9) | 1.000 |
KDIGO criteria (Stage 0/1/2/3) | 5/10/4/4 | 2/4/3/1 | 3/6/1/3 | 0.572 |
Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 10 (43.5) | 4 (40) | 6 (46.2) | 1.000 |