Table 1 Study characteristics
Author | Yournal | Year | Setting | Number of randomized patients | Early RRT criteria | Late RRT criteria |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Barbar SD | NEJM | 2018 | ICU | 488 | < 12 h | Hyper-kalemia (potassium level > 6.5 mmol per liter), metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.15), or fluid overload (extravascular fluid overload that was refractory to diuretics, with pulmonary edema). |
Bouman CSC | Crit Care Med. | 2002 | ICU | 106 | < 12 h | > 12 h |
Combes A | Am J Respir Crit Care Med. | 2015 | Post–cardiac surgery shock | 224 | < 24 h and continued at least 48 h | Creatinine > 4 mg/dL; Preoperative creatinine × 3 or Urine output < 0.3 ml/kg/h /24 h or Urea > 36 mmol/L or Life-threatening hyperkalemia |
Durmaz I | Ann Thorac Surg | 2003 | Patients undergoing CABG | 44 | Postoperative creatinine > 10% within 48 h | Postoperative creatinine > 50% or diuresis < 400 ml/24 h and K+/H+ unresponsive to therapy |
Gaudry S | NEJM | 2016 | ICU | 619 | < 6 h stage 3 AKI | Oliguria or anuria for more than 72 h after randomization; Blood urea nitrogen of more than 112 md/dl (40 mmol/liter); Serum potassium concentration of more than 6 mmol/liter or more than 5.5 mmol/liter despite medical treatment; pH below 7.15 in a context of pure metabolic acidosis (PaCO2 < 35 mmHg) or in a context of mixed acidosis with PaCO2 of 50 mmHg or more without possibility of increasing alveolar ventilation; Acute pulmonary edema due to fluid overload leading to severe hypoxemia requiring oxygen flow rate of more than 5 l/min to maintain SpO2 of more than 95% or requiring an FiO2 greater than 50% in patients already on invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation and despite diuretic therapy |
Jamale TE | Am J Kidney Dis. | 2013 | Patients With Community-Acquired AKI | 208 | Creatinine level > 618 μmol/L | Treatment-refractory hyperkalemia,volume overload, and acidosis.,uremic nausea and anorexia leading to inability to maintain nutrient intake |
Payen D | Crit Care Med. | 2009 | ICU | 76 | Protocolized RRT for 96 h at the diagnosis of ‘sepsis’. Mean time to initiation of RRT not specified | Standard sepsis management |
Sugahara S | Hemodial int | 2004 | Coronary artery bypass surgery. | 28 | diuresis < 30 ml/hr. for 3 h or < 750 ml/day | diuresis < 20 ml/hr. for 2 h or < 500 ml/day |
Wald R | Kidney Int. | 2015 | ICU | 100 | < 12 h | Volume overload and/or oligoanuria; PaO2/FiO2 o200, serum potassium concentration 6 mmol/l |
Zarbock A | JAMA | 2016 | ICU | 231 | < 8 h diagnosis of stage 2 AKI | within 12 h of stage 3 AKI |