From: Postoperative analgesia for pediatric craniotomy patients: a randomized controlled trial
WBFS< 4 (n = 264) | WBFS≥4 (n = 56) | OR | 95%CI | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 6.25 ± 3.16 | 7.08 ± 3.26 | 1.085 | (0.988–1.192) | 0.088 |
Sex (male/female) | 151/113 | 37/19 | 1.455 | (0.782–2.708) | 0.237 |
Height (m) | 1.20 ± 0.21 | 1.25 ± 0.23 | 0.981 | (0.875–1.100) | 0.741 |
Weight (kg) | 26.1 ± 12.5 | 28.1 ± 11.7 | 1.013 | (0.990–1.036) | 0.275 |
Craniotomy site(n / %) | |||||
Forehead | 75 (28.4) | 25 (45.3) | Ref | Ref | |
Frontotemporal | 93 (35.2) | 13 (22.6)* | 0.418 | (0.200–0.877) | 0.021 |
Frontoparietal | 13 (4.8) | 6 (11.3) | 1.400 | (0.475–4.127) | 0.542 |
Temporal occipital | 5 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 0.000 | (0.000–0.000) | 0.999 |
Occipital | 74 (28.0) | 11 (18.9)* | 0.400 | (0.179–0.894) | 0.026 |
Temporal-parietal occipital | 4 (1.6) | 1 (1.9) | 0.700 | (0.075–6.565) | 0.755 |
0.5% Ropivacaine for local anesthesia (Y/N) | 14/250 | 3/53 | 0.914 | (0.251–3.327) | 0.892 |
VP shunt surgery (Y/N) | 42/222 | 8/48 | 1.071 | (0.470–2.444) | 0.870 |
Durations of surgery (min) | 222 ± 87 | 205 ± 62 | 0.997 | (0.992–1.001) | 0.174 |
Durations of anesthesia (min) | 315 ± 80 | 300 ± 68 | 0.997 | (0.993–1.001) | 0.201 |
Bleeding (ml) | 132 ± 117 | 134 ± 158 | 1.000 | (0.998–1.002) | 0.913 |
Anesthesia maintenance phase | |||||
Propofol (mg) | 315 ± 224 | 326 ± 242 | 1.000 | (0.999–1.001) | 0.747 |
Remifentanil (mg) | 0.73 ± 0.47 | 0.84 ± 0.57* | 1.644 | (1.016–2.658) | 0.043 |
Sevoflurane (ml) | 23.3 ± 17.1 | 19.3 ± 14.9 | 0.983 | (0.964–1.004) | 0.106 |
Group (n / %) | |||||
Placebo | 55 (20.8) | 24 (43.4) | Ref | Ref | |
Fentanyl | 71 (26.8) | 12 (20.8)* | 0.364 | (0.167–0.793) | 0.011 |
Morphine | 75 (28.4) | 4 (7.5)* | 0.083 | (0.024–0.291) | < 0.001 |
Tramadol | 63 (24.0) | 16 (28.3) | 0.500 | (0.238–1.050) | 0.067 |