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Table 1 operational definitions

From: Effect of ketofol versus propofol as an induction agent on ease of laryngeal mask airway insertion conditions and hemodynamic stability in pediatrics: an observational prospective cohort study

Operational Definitions

Apnea

The absence of spontaneous respiration for < 20 s after induction

Ease of insertion

Easy

No adverse response, i.e., gagging or coughing, movement or laryngospasm

Difficult

Moderate to severe adverse responses requiring additional boluses of drugs or more than two attempts are required for LMA insertion

Laryngospasm

Complete

when there are laryngeal spasm and no air entry on ventilation

Incomplete

when there is laryngeal spasm but there is air entry

Coughing

Slight

coughing which can occur immediately after LMA and subside by itself

Gross

coughing which needs deepening of anesthesia to be relieved

Gagging [23]

Slight

Gagging which stays for short seconds can relieve on its own

Gross

Gagging which needs deepening of anesthesia to be relieved

Patient movement

Slight

Movement from small muscles which can allow insertion of LMA without an additional dose of the drugs

Gross

The movement which cannot be relieved without an additional dose of the drugs

Insertion condition summed score

Summing the insertion score for each patient then totaling the score for all patients in the groups and taking the mean