Operational Definitions | ||
---|---|---|
Apnea | The absence of spontaneous respiration for < 20 s after induction | |
Ease of insertion | Easy | No adverse response, i.e., gagging or coughing, movement or laryngospasm |
Difficult | Moderate to severe adverse responses requiring additional boluses of drugs or more than two attempts are required for LMA insertion | |
Laryngospasm | Complete | when there are laryngeal spasm and no air entry on ventilation |
Incomplete | when there is laryngeal spasm but there is air entry | |
Coughing | Slight | coughing which can occur immediately after LMA and subside by itself |
Gross | coughing which needs deepening of anesthesia to be relieved | |
Gagging [23] | Slight | Gagging which stays for short seconds can relieve on its own |
Gross | Gagging which needs deepening of anesthesia to be relieved | |
Patient movement | Slight | Movement from small muscles which can allow insertion of LMA without an additional dose of the drugs |
Gross | The movement which cannot be relieved without an additional dose of the drugs | |
Insertion condition summed score | Summing the insertion score for each patient then totaling the score for all patients in the groups and taking the mean |