Fig. 4From: Effects of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide on postoperative cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation through targeting of the gut-brain axisEffects of BGOS on surgery-induced expression of phenotypic genes in the hippocampus. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3–5 per group). *P < .05 and **P < .01 for comparisons shownBack to article page