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Table 1 Patient’s demographic, clinical and anesthetic characteristics of patients in training, internal and external validation data

From: Development and validation of a predictive risk factor model for epidural re-siting in women undergoing labour epidural analgesia: a retrospective cohort study

Characteristics

Training data

(N = 7439)

Internal validation data

(N = 3189)

External validation data

(N = 10,170)

Epidural re-siting

Epidural re-siting

Epidural re-siting

No

(N = 7382)

Yes

(N = 57)

No

(N = 3153)

Yes

(N = 36)

No

(N = 10,084)

Yes

(N = 86)

Demographic Data

 Age (years), mean (SD)

30.2 (5.0)

31.2 (4.3)

30.2 (4.9)

30.0 (4.6)

29.9 (5.0)

29.1 (5.0)

 Race, n(%)

  Chinese

3421 (46.3)

22 (38.6)

1488 (47.2)

11 (30.6)

4805 (47.6)

31 (36.0)

  Indian

956 (13.0)

9 (15.8)

407 (12.9)

8 (22.2)

1263 (12.5)

14 (16.3)

  Malay

1657 (22.4)

15 (26.3)

648 (20.6)

11 (30.6)

2361 (23.4)

19 (22.1)

  Others

1348 (18.3)

11 (19.3)

610 (19.3)

6 (16.7)

1655 (16.4)

22 (25.6)

 Maternal weight (kg), mean (SD)

68.2 (13.1)

70.7 (12.1)

68.0 (12.9)

69.2 (12.4)

69.2 (13.0)

71.8 (14.3)

 Maternal height (cm), mean (SD)

160 (6)

160 (6)

160 (5)

160 (6)

158.7 (8.5)

157.6 (6.3)

 Maternal BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)

27.1 (6.0)

28.1 (4.2)

27.0 (4.8)

28.1 (4.6)

27.5 (5.5)

28.9 (5.1)

Obstetric Data

 Quantity of dinoprostone, mean (SD)

0.4 (0.8)

0.5 (0.8)

0.4 (0.7)

0.6 (1.1)

1.2 (2.7)

2.1 (2.7)

 Cervical dilatation pre-neuraxial blockade (cm), mean (SD)

3.5 (1.0)

3.2 (0.8)

3.5 (1.0)

3.0 (0.8)

3.5 (1.2)

3.1 (0.9)

 Mode of delivery, n (%)

  Instrumental delivery

738 (10.0)

2 (3.5)

293 (9.3)

8 (22.2)

1017 (10.1)

11 (12.8)

  Caesarean Section

1288 (17.5)

22 (38.6)

498 (15.8)

11 (30.6)

1675 (16.7)

29 (33.7)

  Normal vaginal delivery

5355 (72.6)

33 (57.9)

2362 (74.9)

17 (47.2)

7345 (73.2)

46 (53.5)

 Spontaneous labour onset, n (%)

  No

3532 (47.8)

31 (54.4)

1537 (48.7)

17 (47.2)

5293 (52.5)

46 (53.5)

  Yes

3850 (52.2)

26 (45.6)

1616 (51.3)

19 (52.8)

4791 (47.5)

40 (46.5)

 Labour onset, artificial rupture of membranes, n(%)

  No

5530 (74.9)

46 (80.7)

2348 (74.5)

31 (86.1)

7091 (70.3)

71 (82.6)

  Yes

1852 (25.1)

11 (19.3)

805 (25.5)

5 (13.9)

2993 (29.7)

15 (17.4)

 Labour onset, dinoprostone insertion, n (%)

  No

5435 (73.6)

37 (64.9)

2309 (3.2)

23 (63.9)

7133 (70.7)

49 (57.0)

  Yes

1947 (26.4)

20 (35.1)

844 (26.8)

13 (36.1)

2951 (29.3)

37 (43.0)

Anaesthetic Data

 Type of anaesthetic technique, n (%)

  CSE

6878 (93.2)

52 (91.2)

2929 (92.9)

29 (80.6)

9548 (94.8)

75 (87.2)

  Epidural

504 (6.8)

5 (8.8)

224 (7.1)

7 (19.4)

526 (5.2)

11 (12.8)

 Number of anaesthetists, n (%)

  1

7228 (97.9)

56 (98.2)

3106 (98.5)

35 (97.2)

9923 (98.5)

84 (97.7)

  2

152 (2.1)

1 (1.8)

46 (1.5)

1 (2.8)

152 (1.5)

1 (1.2)

  3

2 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (0.0)

1 (1.2)

 Time taken for neuraxial block (min), mean (SD)

7.9 (5.9)

8.2 (6.0)

7.6 (5.2)

10.4 (7.8)

6.9 (4.8)

9.2 (7.2)

 Post epidural pain score, median (IQR)

0.0 (0.0)

0.0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.0 (1.0)

0.0 (0.0)

0.0 (0.0)

 Total volume of local anaesthetic infused at delivery (ml), mean (SD)

57.1 (44.1)

92.6 (69.5)

57.1 (44.0)

87.6 (62.0)

56.3 (43.1)

87.3 (59.5)

 Incidence of breakthrough pain, n (%)

  Yes

994 (13.5)

43 (75.4)

430 (13.6)

31 (86.1)

1386 (13.7)

68 (79.1)

  No

6388 (86.5)

14 (24.6)

2723 (86.4)

5 (13.9)

8698 (86.3)

18 (20.9)

 Hypotension, n (%)

  Yes

50 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

16 (0.5)

0 (0.0)

77 (0.8)

4 (4.7)

  No

7332 (99.3)

57 (100.0)

3137 (99.5)

36 (100.0)

10,007 (99.2)

82 (95.3)

 Shivering, n (%)

  Yes

1681 (22.8)

13 (22.8)

676 (21.4)

8 (22.2)

2526 (25.0)

32 (37.2)

  No

5701 (77.2)

44 (77.2)

2477 (78.6)

28 (77.8)

7558 (75)

54 (62.8)

 Inability to obtain CSF in the CSE technique, n (%)

  Yes

113 (1.5)

5 (8.8)

48 (1.5)

5 (13.9)

169 (1.7)

7 (8.1)

  No

7269 (98.5)

52 (91.2)

3105 (98.5)

31 (86.1)

9915 (98.3)

79 (91.9)

 Venous puncture, n (%)

  Yes

219 (3.0)

6 (10.5)

104 (3.3)

8 (22.2)

318 (3.2)

10 (11.6)

  No

7163 (97.0)

51 (89.5)

3049 (96.7)

28 (77.8)

9766 (96.8)

76 (88.4)

 Inability to pass catheter through epidural needle, n(%)

  Yes

26 (0.4)

1 (1.8)

9 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

5 (0.0)

2 (2.3)

  No

7356 (99.6)

56 (98.2)

3144 (99.7)

36 (100.0)

10,079 (100.0)

84 (97.7)

  1. BMI Body mass index, CSE Combined spinal epidural