Factors associated with intravenous lidocaine in pediatric patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy – a retrospective, single-centre experience

Table 5 Postoperative outcome measures in patients with perforated appendicitis

Variable	Control (n = 12)	Lidocaine (n = 20)	p-value
PONV [number (%)]	4 (33.3)	6 (30.0)	1 ^b
Emergence delirium [number (%)]	2 (16.7)	0 (0)	0.133 ^b
Any opioid in PACU/immediately post-op [number (%)]	5 (41.7)	6 (30.0)	0.7 ^b
PCA post-operative [number (%)]
Any	5 (41.7)	7 (35.0)	0.724 ^b
Nalbuphine	1 (8.3)	6 (30.0)
Morphine	4 (33.3)	1 (5.0)
PCA duration [hrs]
Median (IQR)	62 (39)	48 (30)	0.43 ^a
Any pain rescue medication first 24 h post-op [number (%)]	10 (83.3)	12 (60.0)	0.248 ^b
Post-op complications [number (%)]
Any	5 (41.7)	5 (25.0)	0.438 ^b
Dindo Score
I	1 (8.3)	2 (10.0)
II	4 (33.3)	2 (10.0)
III	0 (0)	1 (5.0)
IV	0 (0)	0 (0)
Time to first bowel movement post-op [hrs]
Median (IQR)	59 (34)	38.5 (31)	0.27 ^a
Discharge after surgery [days]
Median (IQR)	7 (6)	6 (4)	0.92 ^a

a = Mann-Whitney U, b = Fisher’s Exact. Dindo Score of postoperative surgical complications [16]: I = alteration of normal postoperative course, no surgical, endoscopic or radiologic intervention needed, allowed medications in grade I: antiemetics, antipyretics, analgetics, diuretics, electrolytes; II = pharmacological treatments other than allowed in grade I, including blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition; III = complications requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological intervention, IV = life-threatening complication requiring intensive care unit

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