Evaluation of hemodynamic goal-directed therapy to reduce the incidence of bone cement implantation syndrome in patients undergoing cemented hip arthroplasty – a randomized parallel-arm trial

Table 1 Definition of Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) [6] and primary endpoint

BCIS grade 1	Moderate hypoxia (SpO₂ < 94%) or hypotension (fall in systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 20%)
BCIS grade 2	Severe hypoxia (SpO₂ < 88%) or hypotension (fall in SBP > 40%) or unexpected loss of consciousness
BCIS grade 3	Cardiovascular collapse requiring CPR
BCIS grade	GDT (n = 45)	Control (n = 45)	P Value
1	17 (38)	14 (31)	0.51
2	0 (0)	7 (16)	0.006
3	0	0
Total	17 (38)	21 (47)	0.39

Data are presented as number of patients and percentage within the group. Results with a P Value < 0.05 are considered significant and are written in italic type
GDT goal-directed therapy

ISSN: 1471-2253