Variable & category | Verbal (n = 43) | Verbal and visual (n = 42) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age in years (mean (SD)) | 68 (9) | 65 (12) | 0.102a |
BMI (mean (SD)) (kg/m2) | 32 (5) | 31 (5) | 0.413a |
Gender (n (%)) | 0.037b | ||
Male | 24 (56) | 14 (33) | |
Female | 19 (44) | 28 (67) | |
Education (n (%)) | 0.745b | ||
Primary | 16 (37) | 13 (31) | |
Secondary | 21 (49) | 24 (57) | |
Tertiary | 6 (14) | 5 (12) | |
Prior spinal educationd (n (%)) | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 3 (7) | 3 (7) | |
No | 39 (91) | 38 (90) | |
Experience of anesthesiologist (n (%)) | 0.351c | ||
< 6 months | 4 (9) | 5 (12) | |
6mths- <2 years | 3 (7) | 1 (2) | |
2+ years | 32 (74) | 27 (64) | |
Consultant | 4 (9) | 9 (21) | |
Bony landmarks (n (%)) | 0.738b | ||
Clear | 36 (84) | 34 (81) | |
Unclear | 7 (16) | 8 (19) |