Fig. 4From: The beneficial use of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide as add-on therapy to Tapentadol in the treatment of low back pain: a pilot study comparing prospective and retrospective observational armsLow back pain/dysfunction evaluation. Oswestry Disability Index at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment for the groups with um-PEA as add-on to tapentadol (um-PEA-TP) or with tapentadol alone (TP). Mean values ± S.E. The degree of disability decreased significantly between baseline and week 24 in both groups (p < 0.0001). There was a significantly higher reduction (p < 0.0012) in favor of the um-PEA-TP group compared to the TP-only group. Statistical comparisons were performed with GLMMBack to article page