|
Variables
|
Total
|
Before Matching
|
After Matching
|
|---|
| |
(n = 1659)
|
Group S (n = 1571)
|
Group P (n = 88)
|
P-value
|
Group S (n = 78)
|
Group P (n = 78)
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
60.7 ± 8.4
|
60.7 ± 8.4
|
61.0 ± 8.1
|
0.740
|
60.9 ± 8.0
|
60.7 ± 8.1
|
0.890
|
|
Male
|
1383 (83.4)
|
1304 (83.0)
|
79 (89.8)
|
0.097
|
65 (83.3)
|
69 (88.5)
|
0.357
|
|
BMI (kg∙m−2)
|
23.6 ± 3.2
|
23.7 ± 3.2
|
23.3 ± 3.4
|
0.251
|
23.2 ± 3.4
|
23.2 ± 3.5
|
0.926
|
|
ASA ≥ III
|
209 (12.6)
|
206 (13.1)
|
3 (3.4)
|
0.008
|
2 (2.6)
|
2 (2.6)
|
1.000
|
|
Hypertension
|
416 (25.1)
|
338 (24.7)
|
28 (31.8)
|
0.134
|
12 (15.4)
|
22 (28.2)
|
0.052
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
117 (7.1)
|
105 (6.7)
|
12 (13.6)
|
0.013
|
6 (7.7)
|
6 (7.7)
|
1.000
|
|
Coronary artery disease
|
75 (4.5)
|
69 (4.4)
|
6 (6.8)
|
0.286
|
2 (2.6)
|
2 (2.6)
|
1.000
|
|
Alcohol use
|
972 (58.6)
|
917 (58.4)
|
55 (62.5)
|
0.444
|
43 (55.1)
|
46 (59.0)
|
0.628
|
|
Smoking history
|
1071 (64.6)
|
1009 (64.2)
|
62 (70.5)
|
0.235
|
47 (60.3)
|
55 (70.5)
|
0.178
|
|
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy
|
130 (7.8)
|
128 (8.1)
|
2 (2.3)
|
0.046
|
3 (3.8)
|
2 (2.6)
|
0.649
|
|
Preoperative Laboratory
|
|
GLU (mmol/L)
|
5.5 ± 1.0
|
5.5 ± 1.0
|
5.4 ± 1.0
|
0.503
|
5.3 ± 0.7
|
5.4 ± 0.9
|
0.570
|
|
Cr (μmol/L)
|
75.9 ± 14.1
|
75.8 ± 14.1
|
77.4 ± 13.6
|
0.319
|
76.7 ± 12.5
|
77.1 ± 13.9
|
0.832
|
|
ALB (g/L)
|
43.9 ± 3.3
|
43.9 ± 3.3
|
43.8 ± 3.3
|
0.599
|
43.6 ± 3.4
|
43.6 ± 3.2
|
0.930
|
|
Hct (%)
|
42.4 ± 4.5
|
42.4 ± 4.5
|
42.6 ± 4.0
|
0.766
|
42.6 ± 3.5
|
42.6 ± 4.0
|
0.990
|
|
Total fluids (mL)
|
2657 ± 761
|
2649 ± 761
|
2809 ± 747
|
0.054
|
2710 ± 698
|
2736 ± 692
|
0.818
|
|
Total crystalloid (mL)
|
1896 ± 615
|
1881 ± 613
|
2160 ± 593
|
<0.001
|
2071 ± 561
|
2100 ± 529
|
0.736
|
|
Total colloid (mL)
|
668 ± 375
|
672 ± 380
|
585 ± 265
|
0.004
|
603 ± 305
|
577 ± 268
|
0.578
|
|
Operation time (min)
|
249 ± 95
|
248 ± 95
|
255 ± 90
|
0.537
|
262 ± 88
|
245 ± 80
|
0.212
|
|
Intraoperative hypotension a
|
275 (16.6)
|
266 (16.9)
|
9 (10.2)
|
0.100
|
8 (10.3)
|
9 (11.5)
|
0.797
|
|
Intraoperative hypoxemia b
|
227 (13.7)
|
214 (13.6)
|
13 (14.8)
|
0.760
|
11 (14.1)
|
11 (14.1)
|
1.000
|
|
Blood transfusion
|
225 (13.6)
|
216 (13.7)
|
9 (10.2)
|
0.348
|
5 (6.4)
|
7 (9.0)
|
0.548
|
|
Tumor location
| | | |
0.002
| | |
0.876
|
|
Upper third
|
161 (9.7)
|
155 (9.9)
|
6 (6.8)
| |
3 (3.8)
|
5 (6.4)
| |
|
Middle third
|
729 (43.9)
|
686 (43.7)
|
43 (48.9)
| |
39 (50.0)
|
38 (48.7)
| |
|
Lower third
|
449 (27.1)
|
415 (26.4)
|
34 (38.6)
| |
32 (41.0)
|
30 (38.5)
| |
|
Gastroesophageal junction
|
320 (19.3)
|
315 (20.1)
|
5 (5.7)
| |
4 (5.1)
|
5 (6.4)
| |
|
Tumor histology
| | | |
0.116
| | |
0.585
|
|
Adenocarcinoma
|
378 (22.8)
|
365 (23.2)
|
13 (14.8)
| |
12 (15.4)
|
13 (16.7)
| |
|
Squamous
|
1177 (70.9)
|
1106 (70.4)
|
71 (80.7)
| |
60 (76.9)
|
62 (79.5)
| |
|
Other
|
104 (6.3)
|
100 (6.4)
|
4 (4.5)
| |
6 (7.7)
|
3 (3.8)
| |
|
Tumor stage
| | | |
0.085
| | |
0.346
|
|
I
|
302 (18.2)
|
292 (18.6)
|
10 (11.4)
| |
10 (12.8)
|
8 (10.3)
| |
|
II
|
486 (29.3)
|
450 (28.6)
|
36 (40.9)
| |
27 (34.6)
|
31 (39.7)
| |
|
III
|
714 (43.0)
|
677 (43.1)
|
37 (42.0)
| |
31 (39.7)
|
35 (44.5)
| |
|
IV
|
5 (0.3)
|
5 (0.3)
|
0 (0)
| |
0 (0)
|
0 (0)
| |
|
NA
|
152 (9.2)
|
147 (9.4)
|
5 (5.7)
| |
10 (12.8)
|
4 (5.1)
| |
|
Minimally invasive approach
|
321 (19.3)
|
306 (19.5)
|
15 (17.0)
|
0.574
|
14 (17.9)
|
13 (16.7)
|
0.832
|
|
Surgical procedure
| | | |
0.902
| | |
0.561
|
|
Sweet
|
1136 (68.5)
|
1077 (68.6)
|
59 (67.0)
| |
50 (64.1)
|
55 (70.5)
| |
|
Ivor-Lewis
|
148 (8.9)
|
139 (8.8)
|
9 (10.2)
| |
11 (14.1)
|
7 (9.0)
| |
|
Three-incision
|
375 (22.6)
|
355 (22.6)
|
20 (22.7)
| |
17 (21.8)
|
16 (20.5)
| |
|
Surgeon experience
| | | |
<0.001
| | |
0.872
|
|
High-volume c
|
1099 (66.2)
|
1058 (67.3)
|
41 (46.6)
| |
35 (44.9)
|
36 (46.2)
| |
|
Low-volume d
|
560 (33.8)
|
513 (32.7)
|
47 (53.4)
| |
43 (55.1)
|
42 (53.8)
| |
- Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number of patients (n, %)
-
Abbreviations: S sevoflurane, P propofol, BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologist, GLU glucose, Cr serum creatinine, ALB albumin, Hct hematocrit, NA not available
-
aIntraoperative hypotension: lowest systolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg or use of any vasopressor during operation
-
bIntraoperative hypoxemia: arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry <90%
-
cHigh-volume: ≥100 esophagectomy in three years
-
dLow-volume: <100 esophagectomy in three years
