Table 1 Comparison of preoperative and intraoperative variables before and after propensity score matching between sevoflurane group and propofol group
Variables | Total | Before Matching | After Matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 1659) | Group S (n = 1571) | Group P (n = 88) | P-value | Group S (n = 78) | Group P (n = 78) | P-value | |
Age (years) | 60.7 ± 8.4 | 60.7 ± 8.4 | 61.0 ± 8.1 | 0.740 | 60.9 ± 8.0 | 60.7 ± 8.1 | 0.890 |
Male | 1383 (83.4) | 1304 (83.0) | 79 (89.8) | 0.097 | 65 (83.3) | 69 (88.5) | 0.357 |
BMI (kg∙m−2) | 23.6 ± 3.2 | 23.7 ± 3.2 | 23.3 ± 3.4 | 0.251 | 23.2 ± 3.4 | 23.2 ± 3.5 | 0.926 |
ASA ≥ III | 209 (12.6) | 206 (13.1) | 3 (3.4) | 0.008 | 2 (2.6) | 2 (2.6) | 1.000 |
Hypertension | 416 (25.1) | 338 (24.7) | 28 (31.8) | 0.134 | 12 (15.4) | 22 (28.2) | 0.052 |
Diabetes mellitus | 117 (7.1) | 105 (6.7) | 12 (13.6) | 0.013 | 6 (7.7) | 6 (7.7) | 1.000 |
Coronary artery disease | 75 (4.5) | 69 (4.4) | 6 (6.8) | 0.286 | 2 (2.6) | 2 (2.6) | 1.000 |
Alcohol use | 972 (58.6) | 917 (58.4) | 55 (62.5) | 0.444 | 43 (55.1) | 46 (59.0) | 0.628 |
Smoking history | 1071 (64.6) | 1009 (64.2) | 62 (70.5) | 0.235 | 47 (60.3) | 55 (70.5) | 0.178 |
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy | 130 (7.8) | 128 (8.1) | 2 (2.3) | 0.046 | 3 (3.8) | 2 (2.6) | 0.649 |
Preoperative Laboratory | |||||||
GLU (mmol/L) | 5.5 ± 1.0 | 5.5 ± 1.0 | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 0.503 | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | 0.570 |
Cr (μmol/L) | 75.9 ± 14.1 | 75.8 ± 14.1 | 77.4 ± 13.6 | 0.319 | 76.7 ± 12.5 | 77.1 ± 13.9 | 0.832 |
ALB (g/L) | 43.9 ± 3.3 | 43.9 ± 3.3 | 43.8 ± 3.3 | 0.599 | 43.6 ± 3.4 | 43.6 ± 3.2 | 0.930 |
Hct (%) | 42.4 ± 4.5 | 42.4 ± 4.5 | 42.6 ± 4.0 | 0.766 | 42.6 ± 3.5 | 42.6 ± 4.0 | 0.990 |
Total fluids (mL) | 2657 ± 761 | 2649 ± 761 | 2809 ± 747 | 0.054 | 2710 ± 698 | 2736 ± 692 | 0.818 |
Total crystalloid (mL) | 1896 ± 615 | 1881 ± 613 | 2160 ± 593 | <0.001 | 2071 ± 561 | 2100 ± 529 | 0.736 |
Total colloid (mL) | 668 ± 375 | 672 ± 380 | 585 ± 265 | 0.004 | 603 ± 305 | 577 ± 268 | 0.578 |
Operation time (min) | 249 ± 95 | 248 ± 95 | 255 ± 90 | 0.537 | 262 ± 88 | 245 ± 80 | 0.212 |
Intraoperative hypotension a | 275 (16.6) | 266 (16.9) | 9 (10.2) | 0.100 | 8 (10.3) | 9 (11.5) | 0.797 |
Intraoperative hypoxemia b | 227 (13.7) | 214 (13.6) | 13 (14.8) | 0.760 | 11 (14.1) | 11 (14.1) | 1.000 |
Blood transfusion | 225 (13.6) | 216 (13.7) | 9 (10.2) | 0.348 | 5 (6.4) | 7 (9.0) | 0.548 |
Tumor location | 0.002 | 0.876 | |||||
Upper third | 161 (9.7) | 155 (9.9) | 6 (6.8) | 3 (3.8) | 5 (6.4) | ||
Middle third | 729 (43.9) | 686 (43.7) | 43 (48.9) | 39 (50.0) | 38 (48.7) | ||
Lower third | 449 (27.1) | 415 (26.4) | 34 (38.6) | 32 (41.0) | 30 (38.5) | ||
Gastroesophageal junction | 320 (19.3) | 315 (20.1) | 5 (5.7) | 4 (5.1) | 5 (6.4) | ||
Tumor histology | 0.116 | 0.585 | |||||
Adenocarcinoma | 378 (22.8) | 365 (23.2) | 13 (14.8) | 12 (15.4) | 13 (16.7) | ||
Squamous | 1177 (70.9) | 1106 (70.4) | 71 (80.7) | 60 (76.9) | 62 (79.5) | ||
Other | 104 (6.3) | 100 (6.4) | 4 (4.5) | 6 (7.7) | 3 (3.8) | ||
Tumor stage | 0.085 | 0.346 | |||||
I | 302 (18.2) | 292 (18.6) | 10 (11.4) | 10 (12.8) | 8 (10.3) | ||
II | 486 (29.3) | 450 (28.6) | 36 (40.9) | 27 (34.6) | 31 (39.7) | ||
III | 714 (43.0) | 677 (43.1) | 37 (42.0) | 31 (39.7) | 35 (44.5) | ||
IV | 5 (0.3) | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
NA | 152 (9.2) | 147 (9.4) | 5 (5.7) | 10 (12.8) | 4 (5.1) | ||
Minimally invasive approach | 321 (19.3) | 306 (19.5) | 15 (17.0) | 0.574 | 14 (17.9) | 13 (16.7) | 0.832 |
Surgical procedure | 0.902 | 0.561 | |||||
Sweet | 1136 (68.5) | 1077 (68.6) | 59 (67.0) | 50 (64.1) | 55 (70.5) | ||
Ivor-Lewis | 148 (8.9) | 139 (8.8) | 9 (10.2) | 11 (14.1) | 7 (9.0) | ||
Three-incision | 375 (22.6) | 355 (22.6) | 20 (22.7) | 17 (21.8) | 16 (20.5) | ||
Surgeon experience | <0.001 | 0.872 | |||||
High-volume c | 1099 (66.2) | 1058 (67.3) | 41 (46.6) | 35 (44.9) | 36 (46.2) | ||
Low-volume d | 560 (33.8) | 513 (32.7) | 47 (53.4) | 43 (55.1) | 42 (53.8) | ||