From: Gastrointestinal motility following thoracic surgery: the effect of thoracic epidural analgesia. A randomised controlled trial
Group Ep-R
Group Ep-RM
Group IV-M
p-value
VAS1 rest
1 (0–4)
1 (0–2)
2 (1–3)
0.35
VAS3 rest
2 (1–4)
0 (0–1)
2 (2–4)
0.09
VAS1 dynamic
5 (3–8)
4 (3–5)
5 (3–7)
0.71
VAS3 dynamic
6 (5–6)
5 (4–6)
0.22