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Table 4 The mean difference of cytokines, acute phase serum proteins and antioxidants concentrations between day 1, 5 and 7

From: Effects of immunonutrition on biomarkers in traumatic brain injury patients in Malaysia: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Parameters

Group A

Group B

Mean difference (SEM)

p-value

Mean difference (SEM)

p-value

IL-6 (pg/mL)

 Day 1–5

48.49 (10.68)

<0.001*

10.68 (17.78)

0.556

 Day 5–7

0.22 (14.29)

0.988

27.19 (20.48)

0.214

 Day 1–7

46.73 (19.29)

0.034*

12.55 (34.14)

0.722

Total Glutathione (μmol/L)

 Day 1–5

63.58 (29.98)

0.049*

3.16 (18.33)

0.865

 Day 5–7

24.29 (21.05)

0.269

14.08 (22.13)

0.538

 Day 1–7

83.41 (39.27)

0.053

2.56 (30.00)

0.934

CRP (mg/dL)

 Day 1–5

1.1 (2.81)

0.701

2.39 (3.18)

0.467

 Day 5–7

1.74 (1.43)

0.240

2.06 (1.74)

0.257

 Day 1–7

2.47 (2.98)

0.420

1.81 (3.26)

0.590

Albumin (g/L)

 Day 1–5

1.61 (1.71)

0.359

0.78 (1.30)

0.558

 Day 5–7

1.06 (1.11)

0.355

0.56 (1.19)

0.645

 Day 1–7

2.67 (2.03)

0.207

1.33 (1.52)

0.391

Total protein (g/L)

 Day 1–5

5.33 (2.93)

0.087

1.39 (2.20)

0.537

 Day 5–7

3.39 (2.05)

0.117

2.00 (1.82)

0.286

 Day 1–7

8.72 (3.26)

0.016*

3.39 (2.25)

0.151

  1. *p-value <0.05