|
Inclusion criteria
|
|
Age ≥65 years
|
Medical record
|
|
Home location suitable for testing
|
Medical record
|
|
German as a first language
|
Medical record or recruitment telephone call
|
|
IADL score ≥6
|
Baseline assessment
|
|
ASA physical status I–III
|
Baseline assessment
|
|
Major elective surgerya
|
Medical record
|
|
Planned general anesthesiaa
|
Baseline assessment
|
|
Exclusion criteria
|
|
Cardiac surgerya
|
Medical record
|
|
Neurosurgery including carotid endarterectomy, or any type of surgery precluding postoperative testinga
|
Medical record
|
|
(Another) major surgery within the study timeline
|
Medical record, recruitment telephone call or baseline interview
|
|
General anesthesia up to 3 months prior to inclusion
|
Medical record
|
|
Baseline MMSE score <24
|
Baseline neuropsychological assessment
|
|
Dementia criteria per DSM-5
|
Baseline neuropsychological assessment
|
|
Previous pathological cerebral imaging (if available)
|
Medical record
|
|
History of cerebral or cerebrovascular pathology, head trauma, neurodegenerative illness or epilepsy
|
Medical record
|
|
Chronic use of psychiatric medication
|
Medical record or baseline interview
|
|
Alcohol or substance abuse
|
Medical record or baseline interview
|
|
History of chronic pain unrelated to the planned surgery
|
Medical record
|
|
Chronic medical illness known to induce encephalopathy
|
Medical record
|
|
Any contraindication for MRI (e.g., pacemakers and other MRI-incompatible implantable device)
|
Medical record, recruitment telephone call or baseline interview
|
|
Claustrophobia
|
Medical record, recruitment telephone call or baseline interview
|
|
Incidentally diagnosed disease or unfavorable course of disease in participants who choose not to be informed
|
Any study assessment
|
|
Lack of informed consent
|
Recruitment telephone call
|
