Fig. 5

SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to the indicated concentrations of local anesthetics in the presence or absence of the indicated concentrations of 10 mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and 10 μM geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) for 24 h. a Levels of cell viability and (b) caspase-3/7 activity were evaluated by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] and Apo-ONE™ Homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay analyses (n = 3 for each). Data were expressed as means ± standard deviations (SD). Differences between results were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons. *p < 0.05 compared with the control cell population at time 0 h (no treatment). #p < 0.05 compared with the control treatment population in the same group