Table 2 Pain ratings and use of analgesics

Chronic preoperative pain^a [%]

79.2

43.8

18.8

<.001

Preoperative (mean, SD)^b

7.2 (2.3)

6.8 (2.6)

1.6 (2.6)

<.001

2 days postoperative (mean, SD)^b

4.8 (2.7)

4.5 (2.9)

4.2 (2.7)

.136

6 months postoperative (mean, SD)^b

2.9 (2.6)

3.6 (2.9)

1.1 (1.9)

<.001

Analgesics at endpoint (%)^c

35.3

41.3

7.3

<.001

Non-Opioids at endpoint (%)^c

31.3

34.4

6.0

<.001

Opioids at endpoint (%)^c

8.7

13.6

2.0

.001