Fig. 1

Schematic illustration of volatile anesthetics on Ca²⁺-induced Ca²⁺ sensitization. VSM = vascular smooth muscle, GPCR = G protein coupled receptor, G12/13 = 12/13 subunit of heterotrimeric G-protein; Gq = q subunit of heterotrimeric G-protein, PLC = phospholipase C, IP3 = inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate, DAG = diacylglycerol, PKC = protein kinase C, CPI-17 = PKC-potentiated inhibitory protein, KCl = potassium chloride, CaM = calmodulin, PI3K-C2α = Class II phosphoinositide 3 kinase α-isoform, Rho kinase = small GTPase ROCK II, MLC = myosin light chain, p-MLC = phosphorylated MLC, MLCK = MLC kinase, MLCP = MLC phosphatase, MYPT1/853 = myosin phosphatase target subunit Thr853, MYPT1/696 = myosin phosphatase target subunit Thr696, PP1 = catalytic subunit of Type 1 protein phosphatase, M20 = accessory 20 kDa subunit, Dotted line = inhibitory effect