From: Ultrasound versus anatomical landmarks for caudal epidural anesthesia in pediatric patients
Distance between the two superolateral sacral crests (base of the triangle; cm) | |
1 mo ~ 10y | 4.9 ± 0.9 |
1 mo ~ 1 y | 3.8 ± 0.6 |
1 ~ 2 y | 4.4 ± 0.6 |
2 ~ 3 y | 4.9 ± 0.6 |
3 ~ 4 y | 5.2 ± 0.5 |
4 ~ 5 y | 5.5 ± 0.6 |
5 ~ 6 y | 5.6 ± 0.5 |
6 ~ 7 y | 5.5 ± 0.6 |
7 ~ 8 y | 6.6 ± 0.5 |
8 ~ 9 y | 6.5 ± 0.5 |
9 ~ 10 y | 6.8 ± 0.5 |
Difference between anatomical landmarks and ultrasound (cm) | |
1mo ~ 10y | 0.7 ± 0.5 |
Percent difference (%) | |
1 mo ~ 10y | 14 ± 10 |
1 mo ~ 1 y | 13.6 ± 9.9 |
1 ~ 2 y | 16.0 ± 9.9 |
2 ~ 3 y | 15.1 ± 10.0 |
3 ~ 4 y | 14.3 ± 9.1 |
4 ~ 5 y | 15.6 ± 12.2 |
5 ~ 6 y | 13.9 ± 8.8 |
6 ~ 7 y | 12.6 ± 9.3 |
7 ~ 8 y | 4.0 ± 6.8 |
8 ~ 9 y | 6.0 ± 10.4 |
9 ~ 10 y | 0.7 ± 1.6 |